折中主义与柏拉图的权威——理解中期柏拉图主义的两种策略

Middle Platonism and Plato's Authority:Two Strategies for Understanding Middle Platonism

在古希腊罗马哲学领域中,中期柏拉图主义因策勒关于折中主义的研究而受到低估。策勒是从哲学学说原创性的角度入手的,他认为中期柏拉图主义处于哲学创造的低潮期,在哲学史上价值不大。然而,如果我们考察中期柏拉图主义评注实践的方法论核心,则"柏拉图的权威"就会成为一种理解中期柏拉图主义的新视角。在这一视角下,中期柏拉图主义者认为,柏拉图及其哲学是正确的,也就是说,柏拉图的哲学不仅不会受到怀疑派的批评,还是衡量其他哲学的标准。

In the study of ancient Greco-Roman philosophy and due to Zeller’s evaluation on eclecticism,Middle Platonism has been largely underestimated. Zeller started from the belief in the originality of philosophical doctrines,and he held that Middle Platonism was a deficient philosophical creation and had little value in the history of philosophy. However, if we examine the methodological core of Middle Platonism’s commentarial practices,Middle Platonism’s notion of"Plato’s authority"would present a new perspective for understanding it. The notion of"Plato’s authority"holds that Plato and his philosophy are essentially correct in every way,which is to say that Plato’s philosophy is both immune to criticism from skeptics,and it is the standard of measuring other philosophies.