治狱与治边:晚清循化厅的藏族部落纠纷审判

Crimination Management and Borderland Governance:Trial of Tibetan Tribal Disputes of Xunhua Ting in the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清循化厅对藏族部落纠纷的审判,既是一般意义的理讼治狱,有时也有抚治边疆的意图与目的。其判决通常以法律规范为基准,有时也依法酌情判决,有时则既非依据法律,也非依据情理,而是依据当时的具体情况,做出抚定两造及各利益关系方以安稳边疆的变通裁判,实际上是当地部落、寺院、官府等地方权力相互斗争的结果。晚清循化厅的藏族部落纠纷审判,在一定程度反映了传统藏族聚居区部落纠纷解决方式发展的状况、趋向及其社会秩序的形态、法律秩序中地方与国家的复杂关系。

The judgments were usually based on legal norms,and sometimes were ruled by law with consideration of circumstance.But sometimes trials were conducted flexibly,not based on the law or consideration of circumstance,but on the specific situation of the borderland at that time,to pacify the two parties and interest-related sides and stabilize the borderland,which was actually the result of the power struggle among local tribes,monasteries,governments and the other local powers.To a certain extent,the trial of Tibetan tribal disputes in Xunhua Ting in the late Qing Dynasty reflected the development trend of traditional Tibetan tribal dispute solutions and the status of social order,and the complex relationship between the local and the state in the legal order.