铁路与东北的现代化进程——以奉系自建铁路为中心的考察

The Impact of Self-built Railways on the Modernization of Northeast China:Centered on Fengtian Cligue’s Self-built Railways

从第一次直奉战争结束到"九一八"事变爆发前,以张作霖、张学良父子为首的奉系当局着力推动东北铁路交通的自主化,初步形成了东北自建铁路体系,使东北成为中国铁路自主化程度最高的地区。这些自建铁路的建设与运营改变了东北的交通运输格局,改善了东北部分地区农、林、矿等各类资源和物产的流通困境,促进了东北的资源开发,形成了新的铁路经济区,在一定程度上改变了东北区域经济发展不平衡的局面,也对东北的移民开发与社会治理产生了积极影响。

From 1922 to 1931,due to the Fengtian Clique’s great efforts,Northeast China became the region with the highest degree of self-dependent railway constructing.These self-built and selfcontroled railways changed greatly the transportation pattern in Northeast China.They improved the circulation environment of various resources such as agriculture,forestry and mining,thus advanced the development of resources exploiting.They not only formed new railway economic zones and changed the unbalanced situation of economic development,but also had a positive impact on the development of immigrants and social governance in Northeast China.