新疆天山南麓土壤系统分类研究

Taxonomy of Soils in South Piedmont of the Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang

为了解新疆天山南麓土壤的成土特点和系统分类归属,研究区共挖掘出8个典型土壤剖面,通过剖面形态观测和分层取样分析,发现新疆天山南麓的主要成土过程符合海拔变化且变化过程为原始成土过程-有机质聚积过程-潜育化过程-熟化过程-盐积过程。根据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》检索发现8个典型剖面随海拔变化在天山南麓至塔里木盆地边缘呈现出了雏形土-潜育土-人为土-雏形土-干旱土的变化特征,检索结果包括4个土纲、6个亚纲、7个土类、7个亚类、8个土族和8个土系。将典型剖面在中国土壤系统分类与发生分类、美国土壤系统分类和世界土壤资源参比基础中的位置进行参比发现,中国土壤系统分类更加强调中国土壤特点,提出了具有中国特色的土壤类型。

This paper was oriented to explore soil formation characteristics and classification by soil taxonomy of the soils at the south piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang.A total of 8 typical soil profiles were prepared in the study area.Through profile observation and stratified sampling analysis,it was found that soil formation of the soils in the area changed in process with elevation,exhibiting a sequence of original soil forming process,organic matter accumulating process,latentizating process,maturing process and salt accumulating process.According to the“Chinese Soil Taxonomy(Third Edition)”,the soils of the eight typical profiles changed with elevation from Cambosols to Gleyosols,Anthrosols,Cambosols and Aridosols from the southern foot of the Tianshan Mountains to the edge of the Tarim Basin.In line with the Taxonomy,the soils could be sorted into 4 order,6 suborder,7 group,7 subgroup,8 soil family and 8 soil series.By reference to the“Chinese Soil Taxonomy”,“Chinese Soil Genetic Classification”,“USA Soil Taxonomy”,and“World Soil Resources Reference Base”,ascription of the 8 typical soil profiles shows that the“Chinese Soil Taxonomy”puts more emphasis on characteristics of the soils in China,and hence brings forward some China-specific soil types.