传统村落文化景观脆弱性测度及类型划分——以河南省为例

On Dividing the Classification and Assessment of the Vulnerability of Cultural Landscape of Traditional Villages:A Case Study of Henan Province

文章将脆弱性理论引入传统村落文化景观研究中,以河南省为例,基于“压力-状态-响应”(PSR)模型构建脆弱性评价指标体系,运用组合赋权法和综合指数法对传统村落文化景观脆弱性进行测度,并引入贡献度模型划分其脆弱类型。结果表明:(1)不同传统村落文化景观面临的压力极不均衡,旅游开发对文化景观的胁迫效应更强;传统村落文化景观状态存在结构性差异,非物质文化景观较物质文化景观更为脆弱;政府在文化景观保护过程中缺乏对村民利益诉求的尊重及其文化自觉意识的激发,是导致传统村落响应能力低下的主要原因。(2)传统村落文化景观脆弱性总体处于中等水平,位于低、中、高3个脆弱等级的传统村落数量分别占33.33%、52.38%和14.29%,空间上呈现豫东地区和豫北地区高、豫西地区和豫南地区低的格局。(3)将传统村落文化景观分为压力主导脆弱、状态主导脆弱、响应主导脆弱、压力-状态复合脆弱、状态-响应复合脆弱和压力-响应复合脆弱6种类型,复合脆弱型传统村落的数量明显多于单一脆弱型,且脆弱程度更深,反映出传统村落文化景观脆弱性主要受复合因素驱动。

The paper applied vulnerability theory to study the cultural landscapes of traditional villages,took 42 traditional villages in Henan Province as samples,constructed am evaluation index system based on the PSR model,assessed the vulnerability by combination weighting method and comprehensive index method,and used the contribution degree model to divide the vulnerability types of traditional villages.The results are:(1)pressures of traditional villages in Henan Province are unbalanced with tourism development having a stronger stress effect on cultural landscape.There are structural differences in the state of cultural landscapes,and non-material cultural landscape is more vulnerable than material cultural landscape.The lack of respect for the interests of villagers and stimulation of their cultural consciousness are the main reasons for the low responsiveness of traditional villages;(2)cultural landscape vulnerability of traditional villages generally shows at the middle level.The proportions of traditional villages at low,medium and high vulnerability levels are 33.33%,52.38%and 14.29%,respectively.Spatially,the vulnerability is high in eastern and northern regions,and low in western and southern areas in Henan;(3)the vulnerability of the cultural landscape of traditional villages is divided into six types namely pressure oriented,state oriented,response oriented,pressure-state composite,state-response composite and pressure-response composite.The number of complex vulnerable traditional villages is significantly greater than that of the single vulnerable,and the degree of vulnerability is deeper and mainly driven by complex factors.