结直肠癌筛查的现状、进展及问题思考

Colorectal Cancer Screening:Current Situation,Progress and Problems

描述了结直肠癌的内在病理学发生发展规律,归纳了我国结直肠癌外在流行病学上的现况与发展趋势,总结了与结直肠癌发生相关的已知危险因素与预防因素以及遗传性结直肠病变的基因突变病因。进而,分层次地总结分析了现阶段结直肠癌筛查可能用到的检查方法,并进一步从经济性、可行性、依从性等方面讨论了各种检查方法的优点与缺点。并在此基础上给出了可行的筛查指南。最后,对筛查方面最新的研究进展进行了汇总并提出了值得决策制定者与医疗工作者思考的现存问题。

This article described the intrinsic pattern of pathological development of colorectal cancer.Then it generalized the extrinsic epidemiological situation and ongoing trends of Chinese colorectal cancer.It also summarized the risk and preventive factors of colorectal cancer,also the gene mutation of hereditary colorectal cancer.Then it analyzed the available screening methods and found out the advantage and disadvantage of each method from three different aspects:economy,feasibility and patient compliance.In summary,the article recommended guideline for colorectal cancer screening.At last,it reviewed some new advances in colorectal cancer screening and posed some questions worth thinking for both decision makers and medical staffs.