重审以鲁迅为中心的现代作家对老庄的批判

Re-examining the Criticism of Laozi and Zhuangzi from Modern Writers Represented by Lu Xun

学界一般认为,现代作家对老庄的批判是出于拯救民族命运的现实目的,而未在学理上加以考量。这种看法是片面的,现代作家并不是“无暇返回东西文化的本原”,他们对老庄的批判其实已经超越了改造民族命运的功利目的,并且深入到文化深层进行本体论的考量——以充满力感的尼采哲学置换消极落后的老庄思想的潜在文化目的。鲁迅及众多作家的老庄批判透露出他们进行文化更新的潜在意图,只是这样的文化目的混糅在民族救亡的强大话语中,并为后者所遮掩。

Scholars generally believe that modern writers criticized Laozi and Zhuangzi for the purpose of the transformation of national destiny,rather than doctrinal considerations.However,this idea is onesided.It is not that modern writers have no time to return to the origin of the East and West culture,In fact,their criticism on Laozi and Zhuangzi has gone beyond the utilitarian purpose of changing national destiny and has gone deep into the culture with ontological considerations which replace the negative and outdated Laozi and Zhuangzi thoughts with Nietzsche’s powerful philosophy.But such cultural purposes were mixed with the strong national salvation discourse and were clouded by the latter.Lu Xun and other writers actually conveyed their potential purpose of cultural renewal by the criticism on Laozi and Zhuangzi.