黄瓜种质资源农艺性状多样性分析

Diversity Analysis of Agronomic Traits of Cucumber Germplasm Resources

【目的】调查本课题组收集的黄瓜种质资源,为黄瓜种质资源的开发与利用提供参考。【方法】以本课题组收集的197份黄瓜种质资源为研究材料,对黄瓜10个农艺性状进行调查和观测,并进行多样性、主成分和聚类分析。【结果】多样性调查分析结果表明,197份黄瓜种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,平均变异系数为22.59%,其中变异系数最大的性状是第一雌花节位(48.35%),变异系数最小的性状是子叶宽(10.03%);主成分分析结果表明,特征值大于1的主成分有3个,其中第1主成分包含叶片和枝条因子,第2主成分包含下胚轴和子叶的幼苗期因子,第3主成分包含第一雌花节位和叶色;聚类分析结果表明,197份黄瓜种质资源可以划分为4大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群可用于选育下胚轴长的品种,第Ⅱ类群可用于选育叶片较小的品种,第Ⅲ类群可用于选育子叶较大的品种;第Ⅳ类群可用于选育子叶和叶片较小的品种。【结论】本课题组保存的黄瓜种质资源多样性较丰富,且不同农艺性状之间存在一定相关性,不同类群的种质资源可用于相对应的育种工作。

【Objective】The cucumber germplasm resources collected by our group were investigated to provide references for the development and utilization of these resources.【Method】Based on 197 cucumber germplasm resources collected by our research group,10 agronomic traits were investigated and observed,and diversity,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out.【Result】The results of diversity analysis showed that the 197 cucumber germplasm resources had rich genetic diversity,and the average coefficient of variation was 22.59%,among which the coefficient of variation of the first female flower node was the largest(48.35%),and the coefficient of variation of cotyledon width was the smallest(10.03%).The results of principal component analysis showed that there were 3 principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1,among which the first principal component contained leaf and branch factors,the second principal component mainly contained hypocotyl and cotyledon seedling stage factors,and the third principal component included the first female flower node and leaf color.Cluster analysis showed that the 197 cucumber germplasm resources could be divided into 4 major groups,among which group Ⅰ could be used to select varieties with long hypocotyls,Group Ⅱ used to select varieties with smaller leaves,Group Ⅲ used to breed varieties with larger cotyledons,and Group Ⅳ used to breed varieties with smaller cotyledons and leaves.【Conclusion】Cucumber germplasm resources preserved by our group have a rich diversity of agronomic traits,and there is a certain correlation between different agronomic traits.The germplasm resources of different groups can be used for corresponding cucumber breeding.