施用有机肥及套袋处理对苹果桃果实品质及采后保鲜效果的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application and Bagging Treatments on Fruit Quality and Postharvest Preservation Performance of Prunus persica‘apple’Peach

【目的】针对苹果桃种植规模逐年增加、栽培管理技术落后、果实品质良莠不齐等问题,探讨施用有机肥及套袋对苹果桃果实品质提升的作用,旨在提高苹果桃果实采前品质及采后保鲜性能。【方法】以苹果桃为试材,研究了施用有机肥、有机肥+套袋,与施用复合肥(CK)相比对提升果实品质及采后保鲜性能的影响,以及套袋对果实农药残留量的影响。【结果】施用有机肥处理的苹果桃果实单果质量达232.35(±21.3)g,比对照增加39.8%,但果实硬度及维生素C(Vc)、总酸、总糖含量与对照相比差别不大;施用有机肥延缓了苹果桃果实采后贮藏期间果实软化进程,延长保鲜期约1周时间。有机肥+套袋处理与施用有机肥处理相比,苹果桃果实总酸含量降低24%、还原糖含量增加10.5%,且毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉等农药残留降低,而两个处理果实的单果质量、果实硬度及可溶性固形物(TSS)含量差异不大;有机肥+套袋处理显著降低了苹果桃果实在采后冷藏过程中的失重率。【结论】施用有机肥结合套袋对提高苹果桃果实的品质效果较好,且能有效提高苹果桃果实采后保鲜性能。

【Objective】Regarding to the problems of increasing planting scale,backward cultivation management technology and uneven fruit quality of apple peach in Guizhou,the effects of organic fertilizer application and bagging treatment on the improvement of fruit quality of apple peach was discussed,in order to improve the quality and postharvest preservation performance of apple peach fruit.【Method】With Prunus persica‘apple’Peach as test material,the effects of organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with bagging on the improvement of fruit quality and postharvest freshkeeping performance(compared with compound fertilizer treatment,CK)as well as the effect of bagging on pesticide residues were studied.【Result】The single fruit weight of organic fertilizer treatment was 232.35(±21.3)g,which was increased by 39.8%compared with CK,but the fruit firmness,vitamin C,total acid and total sugar contents showed no significant differences between the two treatments.Further more,the application of organic fertilizer delayed the softening process of apple peach fruit during storage and prolonged the preservation period of about 1 week.The treatment of organic fertilizer combined with bagging significantly reduced the total acid content by 24%,and increased the reducing sugar content by 10.5%in peach fruit,and also reduced pesticide residues such as chlorpyrifos,cypermethrin and imidacloprid compared with organic fertilizer treatment,while the fruit weight,fruit firmness and total soluble solids content showed no significant differences.Further more,the treatment of organic fertilizer combined with bagging reduced the weight loss rate of apple peach fruit during postharvest cold storage.【Conclusion】The application of organic fertilizer combined with bagging had good effect on improving fruit quality,and could effectively improve the postharvest preservation performance of apple peach fruit.