韦伯与“作为批判的谱系学”

Weber and"Critical Genealogy"

福柯将尼采的谱系学方法加以激进化,并将其源头追溯至康德的启蒙观,从而发展出一种"作为批判的谱系学"。与福柯相对照,韦伯有其批判的维度,但不是"批判理论";韦伯同样强调历史的偶然性对于考察人类生活的重要作用,但不是一种"去中心化"的谱系学理论。源于对新康德主义三个主要命题的继承,韦伯思想中存在着一种"钟摆式的震荡"态度,这种态度决定了韦伯思想的双刃性。同样,不同于福柯用来对抗"权力的无所不在"的"现代主体谱系学"研究,在"共时性"与"历时性"架构的并置中,韦伯淡化了主体在其中的位置和作用,承认权力结构的交错并置,从而在现代性局限性之内反思现代性,而非像福柯那样跨越现代性,寻求"异托邦"。

Foucault radicalized Nietzsche’s genealogy method and traced it back to Kant’s concept of enlightenment,thus developing a"critical Genealogy".Compared with Foucault,Weber has his critical dimension,but not"critical theory";Weber also emphasizes the important role of historical contingency in the investigation of human life,but it is not a"decentralized"genealogical theory.Based on the inheritance of the three main propositions of Neo Kantism,Weber’s thought has a"pendulous vibration"attitude,which determines the double-edged nature of Weber’s thoughts.Similarly,different from Foucault’s study of"modern subject Genealogy"to counter"the omnipresence of power",in the juxtaposition of"synchronic"and"diachronic"structures,Weber downplayed the position and role of subject,recognized the staggered juxtaposition of power structure,and reflected modernity within the limitations of modernity,rather than leaping over the modernity and seeking"heterotopia"as Foucault did.