宋金十大曲的审美探索

Exploring the Aesthetic of the Ten Great Lyrics from Song and Jin Dynasties

元代歌坛从大量乐曲中选出的“宋金十大曲”,有燕南芝庵《唱论》及杨朝英《乐府阳春白雪》两种版本,作品相同,排名稍异。十大曲兼收宋、金作品,以金亡(1234)的时代为限,不选南宋后期作品,偏重北方品味。十大曲可分两类作品,一是苏轼、晏几道、柳永、辛弃疾、张先之作,皆为宋词名家名作,无可争议。次为司马槱(苏小小)、邓千江、完颜(吴激)、朱淑真、蔡松年之作,多为女性词人及金人作品,有些还是假托及不知名的作者,以唱曲为主,配合杂剧情节,演绎故事,凸显词体的本色,多彩多姿,亦为佳制。本文主要探讨次类作品,并通过宋金十大曲的排名,揭示元代歌坛对宋金词特有的审美触觉,跟现代的阅读选择,自然互有不同。

The singing circles of the Yuan Dynasty had chosen ten great lyrics from Song and Jin dynasties.There are two editions,including On Singing and Yuefu Yangchun Baixue both having the same collections with a slightly different arrangement.These ten great lyrics include the works of Song and Jin dynasties,without any works chosen from the late Southern Song dynasty.They can be divided into two types.The first type contains works of famous literati,including Su Shi,Yan Jidao,Liu Yong,Xin Qiji and Zhang Xian.The second type contains works of Sima You(Su Xiaoxiao),Deng Qianjiang,Wanyan(Wu Ji),Zhu Shuzhen and Cai Songnian.Most of them are works of the Jin people and female lyricists.Some have unknown authors or are composed under somebody else’s name.These works focus on the singing that matches the plots of plays to elaborate on a story,showing the original nature of lyrics.This paper mainly examines the second type of works and the aesthetic of Yuan Dynasty singing circles in appreciating the lyrics of Song and Jin dynasties.