美国民众抵制高速公路运动的缘起、发展及影响

The Rise of Freeway Revolts in the United States and Its Development and Influences

20世纪六七十年代美国爆发了大规模的抵制高速公路运动,该运动起自旧金山,后蔓延到美国多个城市。公路铺设带来的社区分裂、房屋拆迁以及环境破坏等问题引起了民众抵制,抗议者以集会、请愿、诉讼等方式表达不满,各市公路抵制运动成效不一,且带有强烈的种族色彩。民众对公路的抵制迫使联邦政府重新审视其交通政策,颁布了一系列环境与历史遗迹保护法案。抵制高速公路运动不仅是60年代美国社会运动中重要的一环,且至今仍然影响着美国城市对于公路的看法与决策。

A lot of cities in the United Stated witnessed freeway revolts in the 1960s and 1970s,which started in San Francisco,and later expanded to multiple cities in the country.The problems of community splitting,house demolition and environmental damage caused by highway construction provoked public resistance,and protestants assembled,petitioned and even took legal actions.The results of the highway revolts differed from city to city,and race played an important role in the process.Freeway revolts forced the federal government to re-examine its traffic policy,and to enact a series of environmental and historical protection acts.As an important part of the American social movements in the 1960s,freeway revolts are still shaping the views and decisions of American cities on highways.