国内外抽蓄电站经营模式分析及启发

Analysis and Enlightenment of Operation Modes of Pumped Storage Power Stations at Home and Abroad

大规模新能源的并网给系统的经济性和稳定性带来明显的影响。作为一种灵活、环保的电源,抽蓄机组承担调峰、调频、备用等功能,能平抑源荷波动,保证电网安全稳定运行。但是我国抽蓄电站运行综合效率和经济效益与国外相差较大,部分电站甚至出现亏损的现象。据此,该文结合国内抽蓄电站运行实例,分析抽蓄电站在独立经营、租赁经营、电网统一经营3种模式下的经济效益以及所面临的问题;进而选取国外成熟市场条件下具有代表性的英国Dinorwig电站和美国Summit电站分析其运营模式;最后借鉴国外成熟抽蓄项目的经营经验,从租赁合约、辅助服务补偿、电价机制等多个角度,为我国抽蓄电站经营模式的选择和发展提出建议。

As a large number of new energy sources are integrated to the power grid,the safety and stability of the grid are being affected.As a flexible,economical and environmentally friendly power source,the pumped storage unit can undertake multiple functions such as peak regulation,frequency regulation and backup for the system.It helps to smooth the source load fluctuation and ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid.However,the comprehensive operation efficiency and economic benefits of China’s pumped storage power stations are quite different from those in foreign countries,and some power stations even suffer losses.Based on the operation examples of China’s domestic pumped storage power stations,this paper analyzed the benefits and existing problems of the pumped storage power stations in the operation modes of independent operation,lease operation,and unified operation with the power grid;then selected the representative British Dinorwig power station and the US Summit power station under the conditions of mature foreign markets to analyze their operating modes;finally,by drawing on the experience of mature foreign pumped storage projects,combined with lease contract,auxiliary service compensation and electricity price mechanism,the paper gave some suggestions on the choice and development of operation modes for China’s domestic pumped storage power stations.