规模化经营与农户农机服务选择——基于服务需求与供给的二维视角

Large-scale Operation and Selection of Agricultural Mechanization Services for Farmers--Based on the Two-dimensional Perspective of Service Demand and Supply

在经营规模扩大和农业劳动力成本上升的背景下,参与农业社会化服务市场成为农户优化资源配置的理想选择,而农户市场参与行为不仅包含服务需求(购买服务),还可能包括服务供给(提供服务)。基于服务需求和供给的二维视角,采用江苏省534个家庭农场调研数据和双变量Probit模型,实证分析了家庭农场的服务选择行为。研究结果表明:规模经营下家庭农场既购买服务也对外提供服务,且两种行为不是孤立的,而是存在着相关关系;经营规模与服务需求以及经营规模与服务供给之间不是简单的线性关系,而是呈现出显著的倒“U”型关系;影响家庭农场服务需求和供给的因素具有较大的差异性。具体而言,服务需求受到性别、年龄、农机价值、规模经营年限、流转租金以及正规信贷规模的影响,而服务供给除受上述因素影响外,还与农场主受教育水平、农场类型、土地经营条件以及农业技术培训等变量相关。因此,推进农地规模经营应与农业社会化服务体系建设密切结合;要关注家庭农场的服务供给功能,鼓励其兼职化提供服务;做好政策扶持工作以提升家庭农场的服务自给与供给能力。

Under the background of the expansion of operation scale and the increase of agricultural labor cost,participating in the agricultural socialized service market has become the ideal choice for farmers to optimize the allocation of resources.The service selection of farmers not only include service demand(purchasing service),but also service supply(providing service).Based on the two-dimensional perspective of service demand and supply,the service selection behavior of family farms is empirically analyzed by using 534 family farm research data and bivariate Probit model.The results show that there is a correlation between the service demand and supply behavior of farmers;There is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between operation scale and service demand as well as operation scale and service supply;In addition,the factors that affect the demand and supply of farmers’services also show great heterogeneity.On this basis,it is concluded that the promotion of large-scale operation should be closely combined with the construction of agricultural socialized service system,pay attention to the service supply function of family farms,and encourage them to provide services on a part time,do a good job of policy support to enhance self-sufficiency and supply capacity of their service.