灌溉猪场沼液对早稻化肥减量效果的影响

Effect of Biogas Slurry Irrigation on Fertilizer Reduction of Early Rice

目的探讨早稻灌溉猪沼液条件下,化肥减量对稻田土壤肥力、水稻产量和经济效益的影响。方法采用随机区组试验,设置4种施肥处理(A1~A4),以A4常规施肥为对照(CK),A1、A2和A3处理施肥量分别为 CK 施肥量的70%,沼液施用量分别为675 t/hm^(2)、450 t/hm^(2)和225 t/hm^(2)。结果稻田灌溉沼液A1~A3处理土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量比试验前均略有提高,pH值有较大幅度提高。处理A1后劲足肥力较为持久,略有贪青披叶,熟期比CK推迟3 d。A2产量最高比CK提高2.3%;A3第三比CK减产2.3%;A1最低比CK减产3.2%,经方差分析,A1~A3与对照CK之间产量差异不显著。结论就该试验条件下,早稻每公顷灌溉225~675 t沼液可适量减少化肥施用量,维持早稻产量不减产,以灌溉沼液450 t/hm^(2)减施化肥30%产量和效益表现最佳;灌溉沼液后若化肥施用量减量不足,反而因过量施肥导致早稻产量减产。

Objective To study the effect of chemical fertilizer reduction on soil fertility,rice yield and economic benefit under the condition of early rice irrigation with biogas slurry.Methods Four fertilization treatments(A1~A4)were designed and treatment A4 used as control(CK).The fertilization rates of A1,A2 and A3 treatments were 70%of CK,and the biogas slurry application rates were 675 t/hm^(2),450 t/hm^(2) and 225 t/hm^(2) respectively.Results The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in A1~A3 treatment were slightly higher than those before the experiment,and the pH value was significantly higher.After treatment,the fertility of A1 foot was longer,the ripening period was 3 days later than that of CK.The highest yield of A2 was 2.3%higher than that of CK,the third yield of A3 was 2.3%lower than that of CK,and the lowest yield of A1 was 3.2%lower than that of CK.Conclusion Under the experimental condition,225~675 t/hm^(2) irrigation of Biogas Slurry could reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer applied,and maintain the yield of early rice without reducing the yield.The best performance was 30%reduction of chemical fertilizer applied by 450 t/hm^(2) irrigation biogas slurry.If the amount of chemical fertilizer application is not enough after irrigation,the yield of early rice will be reduced because of excessive fertilizer application.