云南省黑颈鹤的保护成效与潜在威胁

Potential threats and effective protection for the Black-necked Crane(Grus nigricollis)in Yunnan Province

通过建立保护区、加强保护宣传、人工投食及恢复生境等措施,黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)在云南得到了有效保护,种群数量持续增加。黑颈鹤在云南的越冬地具有如下生境特点:水域和沼泽草地面积较大,湿地周围有大面积农地而且人类活动相对较少。近年来,由于水库扩容、水体污染、退耕还林以及大面积种植玛卡(Lepidium peruvianum)等原因,黑颈鹤越冬地的夜栖地及觅食地均在发生改变,为黑颈鹤的生存带来潜在威胁,应引起主管部门重视,及时调整管理措施。

Through established nature reserves,reinforcement information,artificial feeding and habitat,the Black-necked Crane(Grus nigricollis)is getting effective protection,and the population continues to increase.Black-necked Cranes use large areas of open water,marsh or meadow,and farmland,and these areas have little disturbance from humans.Recently,the wintering habitats of the Black-necked Crane in Yunnan have been changing.Reservoir expansion in some reserves have resulted in the disappearance of night roosting sites.Water in some reservoirs has been seriously polluted.Forestation in some reserves has reduced the feeding habitats of the Black-necked Crane.Cultivation Maca(Lepidium peruvianum)in vast areas in these wintering areas may be the cause of a shortage of food for the cranes.Changes in wintering habitat will bring potential threats to the Black-necked Crane.More attention should be paid in monitoring the population of the cranes and management measures could be adopted in time.