云南碧塔海保护区越冬黑颈鹤地下植物性食物生物量和营养成分分析

Underground plant food nutrients and biomass of Black-necked Cranes(Grus nigricollis)wintering at Bitahai Nature Reserve,Yunnan,China

碧塔海湿地是黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)中部越冬种群的重要越冬地,也是目前保存最好、人为干扰最小的黑颈鹤越冬栖息地。食物是影响黑颈鹤生存的决定因素,弄清楚其食谱组成以及食物的营养成分对了解黑颈鹤的生态需求以及制定保护措施具有十分重要的意义。该研究采用样方法和营养成分分析法,对云南香格里拉县碧塔海湿地黑颈鹤地下食物的生物量进行了定量研究并对其营养成分进行了测定。结果共发现10种具有地下膨大或幼嫩根茎的植物,总生物量为926.30 g/m2,其中矮地榆(Sanguisorba filiformis)和华扁穗草(Blysmus sinocompressus)是主要组成部分,分别占总生物量的47.75%和19.69%。矮地榆的粗蛋白和粗脂肪均高于华扁穗草,而且粗纤维含量更低,因此更可能是黑颈偏爱的食物。该研究补充了碧塔海黑颈鹤食物的基础资料,为今后碧塔海黑颈鹤的保护和湿地监测和恢复工作提供了参考。

The Bitahai wetland is one of the most important wintering sites of the Black-necked Crane(Grus nigricollis)because of little human disturbance and good habitat.Food is the determinant factor that influences the long term survival of Black-necked Cranes.To understand the ecological requirements of this bird and then make matching conservation measures,it is important to figure out their feeding habits and the food nutritional components.We used the standard quadrat method to employ underground food composition and biomass.Then we analyzed the nutritional components of each food using the standard method.We found 10 plant species with rhizome or tubers that could be the food of Black-necked Cranes and the total biomass was 926.30 g/m2.Sanguisorba filiformis and Blysmus sinocompressus were the key food plants and accounted for 47.75%and 19.96%of the total biomass,respectively.Sanguisorba filiformis included more crude protein and crude fat,and less crude fiber,therefore the Black-necked Crane may prefer the Sanguisorba filiformis rather than Blysmus sinocompressus.We provided the basic information of underground food items and food nutritional components on Black-necked Cranes at the Bitahai wetland,and the information has been useful for the conservation of endangered Black-necked Cranes.