豆浆溶钾灌根对土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Soymilk and Potassium Root Irrigation on Soil Properties and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

采用黄豆豆浆发酵后搭配不同钾肥(硝酸钾、黄腐酸钾)分别在烟草移栽期和团棵期进行灌根,研究其对土壤养分、土壤微生物和烟叶产质量的影响,明确最佳处理,为豆浆灌根技术在烟草农业中的应用提供理论基础。结果表明,与对照(常规施肥)相比,在卢氏和洛宁进行豆浆溶钾灌根后,烟田土壤微生物活性和土壤养分含量升高,烟株田间长势良好,烟株干物质积累量增加,调制后烟叶总氮、烟碱、还原糖和钾含量升高,化学成分协调性强,烟叶产量、产值增加,不同处理以团棵期采用豆浆搭配硝酸钾(T3处理)表现最佳。卢氏试验点,T3处理土壤溶解性有机碳、硝态氮和速效钾含量分别提高30.31%、370.18%和17.60%,土壤细菌数量、微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量氮含量分别增加47.42%、26.91%和28.07%,烟株干物质积累量增加37.72%,烤后烟叶钾含量升高33.55%,化学成分协调性强,烟叶产量、产值和上等烟比例分别提高15.99%、20.78%和14.11%;洛宁试验点,T3处理土壤溶解性有机碳、铵态氮和速效钾含量分别提高25.45%、40.76%和10.92%,土壤微生物生物量碳和生物量氮含量分别升高139.27%和25.88%,烟株干物质积累量升高46.83%,烤后烟叶钾含量升高36.43%,烟叶产量、产值和上等烟比例分别提高24.07%、37.22%和28.77%。相关性分析显示,烟株叶片干物质积累量和烤后烟叶化学成分与土壤微生物数量和活性、土壤养分密切相关,部分指标间相关系数达到显著水平。综上所述,在烤烟团棵期采用豆浆搭配硝酸钾进行灌根,可作为豫西烟区提高烟叶产质量的一项有效栽培措施。

By applying soybean milk after fermentation and potassium root irrigation in tobacco soil,two potassium fertilizers were used to screen out best treatment,to supply theoretical basis for soymilk root irrigation in tobacco cultivation.With soybean milk after fermentation and potassium fertilizers(KNO3 and potassium fulvate)application in transplanting period and resettling stage at places of Lushi and Luoning,effects were studied on soil properties,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that soymilk and potassium root irrigation in transplanting period and resettling stage could significantly increase soil properties,activity of microbes,dry matter accumulation in plant,contents of total nitrogen,nicotine,reducing sugar and potassium in leaf,yield and value,and effects of treatment T3(soybean milk after fermentation and KNO3 application in resettling stage)were best.At the place of Lushi,the content of soluble organic carbon,nitrate nitrogen and available K increased by 30.31%,370.18%and 17.60%,respectively,with soymilk and potassium root irrigation application at rosette stage,and bacteria amount,contents of microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen,dry matter accumulation in plant,K content,yield,value and super tobacco rate increased by 47.42%,26.91%,28.07%,37.72%,33.55%,15.99%,20.78%and 14.11%,respectively.At the place of Luoning,after soymilk and potassium root irrigation application at rosette stage,contents of soluble organic carbon,ammonium nitrogen,available K,soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen increased by 25.45%,40.76%,10.92%,139.27%and 25.88%,respectively;Dry matter accumulation in plant,K content,yield,value and super tobacco rate of flue-cured tobacco increased by 46.83%,36.43%,24.07%,37.22%and 28.77%,respectively.By analysis of correlation,the relationships of dry matter accumulation in leaf,tobacco chemical constituents and activity and amount of soil microbes,soil nutrient were very close.Above all,the method of soymilk and potassium root irrigation at rosette stage was effective and suitable for west Henan tobacco area.