自走式喷雾机不同施药参数对麦田阔叶杂草防效及安全性的影响

Control Efficiency on the Broad-leaved Weeds and Safety of Self-propelled Sprayer with Different Application Parameters in Wheat Fields

为了明确自走式喷雾机施药过程中采用不同型号喷头(1.5号、2号)在不同压力(0.2、0.4 MPa)、不同高度(30、60 cm)下对麦田阔叶杂草的防效及安全性,通过田间试验,测定了自走式喷雾机在不同施药因素(10%苯磺隆可湿性粉剂+20%氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油+40%唑酮草酯干燥悬浮剂)下的田间喷施效果。结果表明,药后7 d,高度30 cm喷施对小麦产生一定的药害;药后14 d,药害基本恢复。药后21 d和42 d,采用1.5号或2号喷头在0.4 Mpa压力下,高度60 cm喷雾时杂草的株防效和鲜质量防效均高于95%。总体来说,2号喷头、0.4 MPa压力和高度60 cm处理的杂草防效优于其他处理组,且对小麦安全并能显著提高产量,其中低剂量处理药后42 d对杂草的防效可达到98%以上。可见,自走式喷雾机在最佳的施药参数下对小麦安全且杂草防效好。

In order to clarify the control effect on broadleaf weeds and safety during the application process of self-propelled sprayers with different nozzle models(No.1.5,No.2),different pressures(0.2 MPa,0.4 MPa)and heights(30 cm,60 cm)in wheat fields,the spraying effects of the self-propelled sprayer under different application factors(10%tribenuron-methyl wettable powder+20%fluroxypyr EC+40%carfentrazone-ethyl dry suspending agent)were measured through field experiments.The results showed that spraying with a self-propelled sprayer at a distance of 30 cm from the target weeds after 7 days caused certain phytotoxicity.After 14 days,the phytotoxicity basically recovered.After 21 days and 42 days,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect of weeds under different treatments were investigated.When using No.1.5 or No.2 nozzle,with 0.4 MPa pressure,spraying at a distance of 60 cm from the target weeds,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect reached more than 95%.In general,the weed control effect of No.2 nozzle,0.4 MPa pressure and 60 cm height was better than other treatment groups,it was safe for wheat and could significantly increase yield,and the control effect of low-dose after 42 days treatment on weeds reached more than 98%.It can be seen that self-propelled sprayer is safe for wheat and has good weed control effect under the best application parameters.