国家在场:从清代滇南盐官营看国家边疆治理

State Presence:A View on National Borderland Governance from the Salt Industry in Southern Yunnan in Qing Dynasty

从雍正时期滇南盐井收归官营先行、改土归流跟进的一系列国家边疆政策的实施可以看到,盐井收归官营作为一种制度实践,目的在于试探土司势力对国家推进治理边疆的反应,中央从而根据其态度相机实施改土归流以维护边疆秩序稳定,加强国家对边疆民族地区的治理。与此同时,盐井官营所体现的“国家在场”,还通过盐课、专卖管理等措施将国家意识涓滴于边疆各族民众心里,以达到国家对边疆的有效治理和强化边疆各族人民的国家认同。

During the Yongzheng Period of Qing Dynasty(1727-1735),a series of national borderland policies were implemented,such as taking over salt wells by the official administration and reforming the chieftain system in southern Yunnan.The reform of returning salt mines to the central government was an institutional practice to test the response of chieftain forces to the efforts of the country to govern its borderland areas.The central government implement made changes of the policies based on the time and situation to maintain the order and stability and strengthen the state governance of on ethnic minority areas in borderland areas.Meanwhile,with the"state presence"embodied in official salt mines,the national consciousness trickled down into the hearts of the people from all ethnic groups in the border areas through measures such as salt tax and monopoly sale management.Therefore,the effective governance of the border areas and the strengthening of the national identity of all ethnic groups there were achieved.