从“寻根文学”到“生态寻根”——以阿来的生态写作为例

From“Root-Seeking Literature”to“Ecological Root-Seeking”:A Case Study of A Lai's Ecological Writing

随着生态文学、生态批评在国内的兴起,文学研究领域的学者开始有意识地从生态美学、生态批评的视角重新审视寻根文学,并在20世纪80年代的"寻根文学"与当下的"生态文学"之间建立起一个"寻根-生态"的文学谱系,从而为生态文学寻找一个当代文学史的起始点。作家阿来因其早期作品的寻根特点、后期作品的生态关怀及其少数民族作家的身份,成为十分具有代表性的分析对象。通过对阿来生态写作的具体分析,可以发现寻根文学与生态文学在表面上的相似性之下,存在着较大的差异性,被建构起来的"寻根-生态"文学谱系也很难成立。阿来的生态书写呈现了对现代性的反思,但这一反思并不是通过激活和征用少数民族的文化符号来对自然赋魅而完成的,而是寄希望于人与自然紧密相连的生命共通感和共情能力,重新为自然赋予生命的属性,这使得阿来的生态写作表现出一种独特性。

With the rise of eco-literature and eco-criticism in China,researchers in the field of literary study have begun to reevaluate root-seeking literature from the perspectives of eco-aesthetics and eco-criticism.A new literature pedigree of“root-seeking-ecology”between the“root-seeking literature”in the 1980s and the“ecological literature”at present is being set up,presenting a starting point for ecological literature in contemporary literary history.The root-seeking feature of A Lai's early works,the ecological concern of his later works,and the fact that he is a writer of ethnic minorities make him a representative subject of study.After analyzing A Lai's ecological writings,it is found that great differences exist between root-seeking literature and ecological literature under the superficial similarities and the new literature pedigree is not well-grounded.A Lai's ecological writings presented his reflections on modernity.In his works,he did not apply the cultural symbols of ethnic minorities but employ the common sense of life and empathic ability to highlight the close connection between man and nature,giving life property to nature,which made A Lai's ecological writings unique.