财政教育支出阻断贫困及其代际传递的实证研究

An Empirical Study of Financial Education Expenditure Blocking Poverty and Its Intergenerational Transmission

中国人口众多,加之区域发展差异显著,即使脱贫攻坚已经取得全面胜利,贫困的代际转移传递依旧阻碍着乡村振兴的继续推进,也制约着社会公平的实现。基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,探究家庭贫困及其代际传递特征并考察财政教育支出的减贫效应。研究发现:一方面,中国居民家庭贫困存在显著的代际传递特征,并且农村贫困代际传递概率高于城市,西部地区概率高于东部地区;另一方面,性别、年龄以及父代受教育程度等非经济因素对子代贫困影响显著。同时,财政教育支出对高低阶层人群均具有显著的减贫作用,但也存在支出门槛,相对较低的支出水平无法有效地改善子代的人力资本投资差异。鉴于此,提出不同的针对性政策建议:在政府脱贫工作中着重解决地区经济发展问题并进一步完善劳动力市场;重视贫困发生概率的性别差异,进一步消除劳动力市场中的性别歧视问题;提高财政教育支出水平,进一步发挥教育的重要作用,促进人力资本的有效积累,阻断贫困的代际传递。

China has a large population and significant differences in regional development.Even though remarkable achievements have been made in the fight against poverty,the intergenerational transfer of poverty still hinders the further advancement of rural revitalization and the realization of social equity.Based on Chinese family tracking(CFPS)data,the poor families and intergenerational transmission characteristics and poverty reduction effect of fiscal expenditure on education are explored.It is found that:On the one hand,China’s household characteristics of significant intergenerational transmission of poverty,and rural intergenerational transfer probability is higher than the city,the western region probability is higher than the eastern region;On the other hand,non-economic factors such as gender,age and the education level of the parents have a significant impact on the poverty of the children.At the same time,fiscal expenditure on education has a significant effect on poverty reduction for high and low class people,but there is also a spending threshold,relatively low level of spending can not effectively improve the human capital investment differences of children.In view of that different targeted policy suggestions are put forward:In the government’s poverty alleviation work,focus on solving regional economic development problems and further improve the labor market;Pay attention to gender differences in the incidence of poverty and further eliminate gender discrimination in the labor market;Raise the level of financial expenditure on education,give further play to the important role of education,promote the effective accumulation of human capital,and stop the intergenerational transmission of poverty.