生态环境损害中“赔偿损失”责任的问题检视与立法回应

The problem inspection and legislative response of“compensation for loss”responsibility in ecological environment damage

生态环境损害赔偿中的“赔偿损失”责任不同于传统民法中的“赔偿损失”责任,其在责任内涵层面应限缩为对环境“价值利益”的保护,以与传统大陆民法中的金钱赔偿相对应。目前,该“赔偿损失”责任在理论及实践层面逐渐暴露出外延界分不合理、范围不周延、损失难以判定以及多样化责任承担方式适用标准不明确等亟待解决的问题。基于“赔偿损失”责任与“修复生态环境”责任具备较强的关联性,拟将二者综合比较的基础上,对“赔偿损失”责任的可行性、必要性及其在生态环境损害赔偿制度中的定位进行评析,总结“赔偿损失”责任的功能和特性。最后,借鉴域外立法经验,立足我国具体国情,在立法层面进一步界分“赔偿损失”责任外延、扩展“赔偿损失”责任范围、明晰期间服务功能损失判定依据、明确多样化责任承担方式适用标准,以期完善生态环境损害“赔偿损失”责任制度。

The liability of“compensation for loss”in the compensation for ecological environment damage is different from that in the traditional civil law,which should be limited to the protection of“value interests”of the environment in order to correspond to the monetary compensation in the traditional civil law of the mainland.At present,in theory and practice,the liability of“compensation for loss”has gradually exposed some problems to be solved,such as unreasonable boundary,incomplete scope,difficult to determine the loss and unclear applicable standards of diversified liability bearing methods.Based on the strong correlation between the liability of“compensation for loss”and the liability of“restoration of ecological environment”,this paper analyzes the feasibility and necessity of the liability of“compensation for loss”and its positioning in the compensation system of ecological environment damage,and summarizes the functions and characteristics of the liability of“compensation for loss”.Finally,drawing on the experience of foreign legislation,based on China s specific national conditions,we should further define the extension of liability for“compensation for loss”,expand the scope of liability for“compensation for loss”,clarify the basis for determining the loss of service function during the period,and clarify the applicable standards of diversified liability bearing methods,so as to improve the liability system for“compensation for loss”of ecological environment damage.