西南民族村寨防灾综合技术研究构想与成果展望

Research Framework and Anticipated Results of the Comprehensive Disaster Prevention Technology in Ethnic Villages of Southwest China

中国西南地区幅员辽阔、山地占比高,是中国少数民族分布最为集中的区域。区内分布着众多的民族村寨,地形复杂、灾害多发、生态脆弱、经济欠发达、人居环境问题突出。为进一步提高村寨的灾害防范化解能力,系统提升村寨人居质量,亟需开展灾害综合防控和宜居性能改善研究。“西南民族村寨防灾技术综合示范”项目,以西南地区民族村寨的安全与宜居性能为主线,凝练了4个关键的科学技术问题:1)村寨灾害特征与孕育机制;2)村寨人居环境特征与“环境–建造”交互影响机制;3)村寨低成本生态型灾害防控与治理技术;4)村寨本土化适应性宜居性能集成化改善技术。通过村寨地质灾害智能监测与治理技术、村寨火灾预警与防火建材技术、村寨防灾结构体系与增强技术、村寨环境污染防治与回用技术、村寨适应性空间优化与民居性能提升技术共5个方面内容的系统研究,研发低成本、分散式、生态型、智能化的灾害综合防控技术,和本土化、适应性宜居性能集成改善技术,构建西南民族村寨综合防灾和人居环境改善成套技术体系。全面提升西南民族村寨的灾害防范化解能力,系统改善人居环境质量,保护民族特色及风貌,促进可持续发展。

Southwest China is a vast area with a high proportion of mountains,which is the most concentrated area of ethnic minorities.There are many ethnic villages in this area,which are characterized by complex terrain,frequent disasters,fragile ecology,underdeveloped economy and prominent human settlements.In order to improve the disaster prevention ability and living quality of ethnic villages,it is urgent to carry out comprehensive disaster prevention and control and livable performance improvement researches.The project of“Comprehensive Demonstration of Disaster Prevention Technology of Ethnic Villages in Southwest China”focuses on the safety and livability of ethnic villages in Southwest China,and condenses four key scientific and technological issues:1)The disaster characteristics and breeding mechanism of village;2)The characteristics of human settlements and“Environment-Construction”interaction mechanism of village;3)Ecological disaster prevention and control technology with characteristics of low cost in village;4)Integrated improvement technology of livable performance with characteristics of localization and adaptability in village.Based on these problems,the project carries out research from the following five aspects:intelligent monitoring and management technology of village geological disasters,village fire warning and fireproof building materials technology of village,disaster prevention structure system and enhancement technology of village,environmental pollution prevention and reuse technology of village,adaptive space optimization and residential performance improvement technology of village.The research goal is to form a low-cost,decentralized,ecological and intelligent comprehensive disaster prevention-control technology and an integrated improvement technology of localization,adaptability and livability.Then build a technology system of comprehensive disaster prevention and human settlements improvement in ethnic villages.The project can not only enhance the disaster prevention ability and improve the quality of living environment of ethnic villages in southwest China,but also protect ethnic characteristics and promote sustainable development.