维度·向度·强度:小说修辞认同机制的基本构架

Dimension,Orientation and Strength:Critical Analysis on Essential Critique Framework of the Fictional Rhetoric Identity Mechanism

小说故事层的人物之间、叙事层的叙述者与受述者之间、叙述层的隐含作者与隐含读者之间存在着复杂的认同关系,小说修辞的认同机制由此构成一个复杂的动态系统。综合考察小说修辞的多重主体间性,深入把握小说修辞认同机制的基本构架,可以建构一种有效的小说评价体系。通过认同维度可以深入理解人物主体、叙述主体、创作主体的精神结构,考察小说修辞主体建构的完善程度;通过认同向度可以清楚辨识外在型权威、内在型权威及个人型权威主导的不同认同方式,评估小说修辞交流过程的协调程度;通过认同强度可以明确衡量认知维度的冲击力、审美维度的感染力、伦理维度的同化力的不同强度,把握小说修辞功能发挥的有效程度。统筹考量小说修辞认同机制的维度、向度与强度,宏观上有助于更准确地把握小说修辞的内在机理,推进小说修辞理论的深化与发展;微观上可以更切实地指导文本细读,建构一种新的小说批评方法。

There is a complex identifying relationship between the characters in the story level, the narrator and narratee in the narrative level, the implied author and the implied reader in the narration level, and so the identifying mechanism in fictional rhetoric constitutes a complex dynamic system. Comprehensively examining the multiple inter-subjectivity of fictional rhetoric and thoroughly grasping the basic framework of the identifying mechanism in fictional rhetoric, we can construct an effective system to evaluate fiction. Through the identifying dimension, we can deeply understand the mental structure of the characters, narrators and implied authors, then inspect the degree of perfection in terms of the construction of the subject in fictional rhetoric;through the identifying direction, we can clearly recognize the different identifying methods led by external authority, internal authority and personal authority, then evaluate the degree of coordination in the rhetorical communication process;through the identifying strength, we can clearly measure the different intensities of the impact of the cognitive dimension, the appeal of the aesthetic dimension, and the assimilation of the ethical dimension, therefore grasp the effectiveness of the fictional rhetorical function. Wholly considering the dimension, direction and strength of the identifying mechanism in fictional rhetoric, will not only help to grasp the internal principle of fictional rhetoric more accurately so as to promote and deepen the fictional rhetoric theory on the macro level, but also to guide the close reading more practically so as to construct a new method of fiction criticism on the micro level.