《民法典》公序良俗规定的宪法向度

Study of Public Order and Morals in Civil Code of P.R.C from Constitutional Perspective

《民法典》关于公序良俗的规定,构造了由行为导向、适用限定、效力控制构成的原则体系,并结合生活经验和司法经验进行了规则化作业,奠定了原则裁判的基础、搭建了解释论的框架、确立了适用的双层结构,有效回应了公序良俗的不确定性困境。然而,基本原则体系逻辑的模糊、公序良俗原则与规则的衔接不畅、公序良俗的抽象表述,决定了《民法典》回应困境的局限。在现代经济社会结构下,当民法本身因其自身统一价值体系的消解而丧失自足性时,有关公序良俗的界定,就必然要从作为现代社会根本筹划和国家统一秩序的宪法中寻求。法律适用者游离于宪法外的空泛解释与主观定义,只会加剧不确定困境。遵循宪法和民法的诸种联结路径,公序良俗原则的适用,应首先基于宪法对其进行解释,方可有效发挥其作为民法基本原则的功能,实现民法体系与宪法秩序的衔接互动。

The Civil Code regulations on public order and morals(POM) have constructed a principle system consisting of behavior orientation, application limitation, and effectiveness control, combined with life experience and judicial experience to carry out regular operations, which laid the foundation for principled judgments, built the framework of interpretation theory and established applicable bi-layer structure, responded to the uncertain dilemma of POM effectively. However, the fuzzy logic of the basic principle system, POM s poor connection and the abstract expression determine the limits of Civil Code responses to the dilemma. Under the modern economic and social structure, when the civil law itself loses its self-sufficiency due to the dissolution of its own unified value system, the definition of POM must be sought from the constitution as the fundamental plan of modern society and the unified national order. Applicants of the law are free from the vague interpretation and subjective definition outside the constitution, which will only exacerbate the dilemma of uncertainty. Following the various connecting paths of the constitution and civil law, the application of POM should rely on the explanation of constitutionality, which can play its function as the basic principle of civil law validly.