唐宋文人商业观念嬗变与商贾形象的立体化

The Evolution of the Commercial Concepts of the Literati in the Tang and Song Dynasties and the Image Diversification of the Merchants

商人在传统义利观与农耕意识的双重夹击下,更多地呈现为"求利无不营"的唯利是图的负面形象,而且在与乡村农人的生存困境对照中凸显出"贾雄则农伤"的道德批判。中唐以后,城市商品经济日趋繁荣,随着商业对国家政治经济作用的提升,文人士大夫的商业观念逐渐转变,文学表现中展现了被传统道德批判视角所遮蔽的商人从商的奔波艰辛,并对其冒险精神给予歌赞,文学作品中部分地出现了正面的商人形象。

Under the double attack of the traditional view of righteousness and profit and the awareness of importance of farming,businessmen are more of a negative image of those“stopping at nothing for a profit.”Moreover,they have to bear ethical criticism because of the common notion“business up farming down”when brought in contrast with the plight of rural farmers.After the Mid-Tang Dynasty roughly at the turn of the 9th century,urban commodity economy boomed.As commercial contribution to the imperial treasury and national economy increased,the business ideas of the literati and the officials gradually changed.The industrious and pioneering images of businessmen,which had been previously oblivious under ethic criticism,were portrayed and even praised in literary works.Partially they have won a positive position in literature.