基于政策工具理论的社会组织政策分析与评估--2008~2019年政策文本研究

Analysis and Evaluation on NGO Policies Based on Policy Tools theory——Text Analysis of Policies from 2008 to 2019

基于2008~2019年社会组织的政策文本,探寻我国社会组织政策结构的特点与问题,考量政策制定的特征与规律。运用罗斯韦尔和泽贝尔德三种类型政策工具,同时结合社会组织自身发展规律,构建了X-Y二维分析框架。研究发现,社会组织政策制度化水平有待加强,具有显著的中央主导特征;侧重“环境型”政策工具的运用,政策工具类型比例失衡;政策工具集中在资源获取与评价监督环节,成立、退出与服务提供环节供给不足。建议提高社会组织政策的制度化水平,结合地方实际出台社会组织政策;进一步优化政策工具结构,加大供给型和需求型政策工具的供给力度;均衡社会组织政策作用的各环节的政策布局,优化政策工具的选择。

Based on the NGO policies texts in 2008-2019,this paper discovers the characteristics and problems of NGO policies structure in China,and considers its formulation’s features and laws.Using the three-type-of-policy-tool theory of Rothwell and Zegveld,and combining the NGO’s development rule,a two-dimensional X-Y analysis framework was built.It is found that the institutional level of NGO policies needs to be strengthened,and has significant central leading characteristics.The emphasis is on the use of“environment-oriented”policy tools,and the proportion of the types of policy tools is unbalanced.Policy tools are focused on resource acquisition,evaluation and supervision.The supply on establishment,withdrawal,and service provision is insufficient.It is suggested that the institutional level of NGO policies should be raised and formulated in combination with the local reality.To further optimize the structure of policy instruments,and increase the supply of supply-based and demand-based policy instruments.Balance the policy layout of each link that NGO policies take effect,and optimize the choice of policy tools.