近代疫灾危机下的政社协同治理研究--以1932年长三角口岸城市霍乱疫灾为中心

A Study on Cooperative Governance of Government and Society under the Crisis of Modern Epidemic Disasters——Focusing on the Cholera-Epidemic Disaster in Port Cities of the Yangtze River Delta in 1932

突发公共卫生事件下的社会治理是国家治理能力的集中体现。1932年暴发的霍乱疫灾,不仅是近代社会所遭遇的重大突发公共卫生事件,给国家和社会造成巨大灾祸,而且是对政府治理效能的严峻考验。缘于霍乱疫灾波及面广、持续周期长,具有全局性和跨界性特征,加之社会应急保障资源极度匮乏以及内外政局困宥,所以政府的抗疫能力存在显著不足。鉴于此,社会组织快速响应、广泛动员,深度参与危机治理,从而构筑起多元治理主体下的政社协同应对机制。这一应对机制的历史逻辑与演变机制,充分展现出“国家—社会”二元治理结构的话语场域。本文据此分析1932年长三角口岸城市霍乱疫灾危机下的政社协同治理机制,旨在为新时代基层社会治理体系建设提供历史镜鉴。

Social governance under public health emergencies is the concentrated manifestation of national governance capability.The cholera epidemic broke out in 1932 was not only a major public health emergency in modern China,which caused great disasters to the country and society,but also posed a severe test of the government’s governance capability.The cholera epidemic has a widespread,long-lasting period,comprehensiveness,and crossborder characteristic.In addition,the extreme shortage of social emergency security resources and the unfavorable internal and external political situation make the government’s anti-epidemic capability significantly insufficient.In view of this,the quick response,extensive mobility,and deep participation in crisis management by social organizations,thus building a multi-subject cooperative response mechanism between government and society.The historical logic and evolution mechanism of this coping mechanism fully reveal the discourse field of the“state-society”dual governance structure.Based on this,this paper analyzes the cooperative governance mode and its mechanism under the cholera epidemic crisis in port cities of the Yangtze River Delta in 1932,and in order to provide historical reference for the construction of grass-roots social governance system in the new era.