“城市矿产”产业生态效率动态演变特征与影响因素

Dynamic evolution characteristics and influencing factors of‘urban mining’industrial ecological efficiency

“城市矿产”的资源化循环利用,是我国缓解资源瓶颈约束、构建产业生态化体系的重要手段之一,探究“城市矿产”产业生态效率特征及关键驱动因素,以期为我国继续推动该产业新旧动能转换、生态化转型升级提供参考。本文基于非期望产出的超效率SBM模型,测算我国2004-2017年26个省市层面生态效率,并分析其总体演变、区域差异及空间相关性特征,采用空间计量模型探寻该产业生态效率影响因素。结果表明:①“城市矿产”产业生态效率呈“类峰峦”结构的波动上升趋势,从2004年0.87上升至2017年1.06,这期间,峰顶和峰谷省市的该产业生态效率年均差值近12%,且存在较显著的区域差异特征,整体表现为东部地区始终高于中部和西部地区。②通过空间相关性分析发现,26个省市该产业生态效率存在较强的空间关联性,整体由低值集聚向中高值集聚状态转变,但发展后期,部分省市脱离整体趋势,出现“微分异”现象。③根据空间计量模型估计结果,技术创新是提高该产业生态效率的核心因素;产业发展水平和产业集聚水平为次要因素;环境规制与产业结构为一般影响因素;宏观调控与对外开放水平则无显著影响。最后,提出内外技术联合提高创新能力、以绿色产业合作提升产业集聚水平、环境标准细化增强环保效应、与制造业层级嵌套完善回收体系等对策建议,提升“城市矿产”产业生态发展水平。

The recycling of‘urban mining’is one of the means to alleviate resource bottlenecks and build an ecological industrial system in China.This study attempts to explore the ecological efficiency of‘urban mining’industry and its key driving factors,aiming to provide a reference for China to continuously promote the replacement of old growth drivers and the ecological transformation and upgrading of the industry.Based on the unexpected output super-efficiency SBM model,this paper measured the ecological efficiency of 26 provinces and municipalities in China from 2004 to 2017 to analyze its overall evolution,regional differences and spatial correlation,and used spatial econometric model to explore the factors affecting the ecological efficiency of the industry.The results showed that:①The ecological efficiency of the‘urban mining’industry showed a peak-like fluctuating upward trend from 0.87 in 2004 to 1.06 in 2017.During this period,the average annual difference of the ecological efficiency between the provinces and municipalities located in the peaks and valleys was about 12%,and the eastern region was always higher than the central and western regions,with more significant regional differences.②The spatial correlation analysis showed that there was a strong spatial correlation between the 26 provinces and municipalities in terms of industrial ecological efficiency,which showed an overall shift from low-value agglomeration to medium-high value agglomeration,but in the late stage of development,some provinces and municipalities broke away from the overall trend and showed a slight divergence phenomenon.③The estimation results of the spatial econometric model showed that technological innovation was the core factor to improve the ecological efficiency of the urban mining industry,the level of industrial development and agglomeration was secondary factors,environmental regulation and industrial structure were general influencing factors,and macro-control and opening up level had no significant influence.Finally,this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions,such as improving innovation capacity by using domestic and foreign technologies,enhancing industrial agglomeration level through cooperation in green industries,enhancing environmental effects through refining environmental standards,and improving the recycling system through nesting with manufacturing layers,so as to improve the ecological development level of urban mining industry.