信息化对区域贫困治理的影响

Impact of informatization on regional poverty management

信息化发展消除了传统区域发展的空间边界,推动了贫困地区的经济发展,为实现区域减贫注入了新的动能,同时引发了信息贫困现象。评估信息化在区域贫困治理中的作用对制定与调整信息化背景下的扶贫策略具有重要意义。然而,已有文献忽视了信息化的动态属性及区域贫困治理的空间溢出效应,可能导致实证结果的偏误。因此,文章基于2002-2018年全国30个省份的面板数据,运用Moran’sI指数分析区域贫困治理效果的空间相关性,并在此基础上,采用地理距离空间权重矩阵与空间面板杜宾模型,分析信息化对区域贫困治理影响的空间效应。研究发现:①2002-2018年,区域贫困治理效果存在显著的空间正相关性。②总体来看,信息化不利于本地贫困减缓,但对相邻省份贫困治理具有正向空间溢出效应;进一步采用经济距离空间权重矩阵加权后,结果依然稳健。从区域差异来看,在东部地区与中部地区,信息化对本地贫困治理效果的抑制效应不明显,但信息化发展明显推动了西部地区的贫困治理。从空间溢出效应来看,信息化对东部地区相邻省份贫困治理具有正向空间溢出效应,对中部地区贫困治理具有负向空间溢出效应,但对西部地区贫困治理的空间溢出效应不明显。③信息化弱化了自然资本禀赋对本地贫困治理的负向影响,但强化了其对相邻区域贫困治理的正向空间溢出效应;信息化强化了经济资本禀赋对本地贫困治理效果的正向影响;信息化强化了制度禀赋对本地贫困治理效果的正向影响;信息化强化了技术禀赋对本地贫困治理效果的负向作用,但弱化了技术禀赋对相邻区域贫困治理的负向空间溢出效应。这就意味着,政府应该建立信息化与区域减贫联动发展机制,不仅要建立差异化、层次化的信息化发展策略,也要从顶层设计上将信息素养水平纳入区域信息化建设。同时,合理统筹要素禀赋与区域贫困治理的关系,并依托信息化优化区域贫困治理效果。

The development of informatization has eliminated the spatial boundaries of traditional regional development,promoted the economic development of poverty-stricken areas,injected new momentum into the realization of regional poverty reduction,while at the same time triggered the phenomenon of information poverty.Evaluating the role of informatization in regional poverty is of great significance to adjust poverty alleviation strategies in the context of informatization.In this paper,30 provinces(municipalities)in China from 2002 to 2018 were taken as research samples,and Moran’s I index was used to analyze the spatial correlation of regional poverty management.On this basis,the spatial weight matrix of geographic distance and the spatial panel Durbin model were used to analyze the spatial effect of informatization on regional poverty management.The results showed that:①From 2002 to 2018,the effect of regional poverty management had significant positive spatial correlation.②On the whole,informatization was not conducive to poverty alleviation in local areas,but had a positive spatial spillover effect on poverty management in neighboring provinces.After further weighting with the spatial weighting matrix of economic distance,the results were still stable.From the perspective of regional differences,in the eastern region and the central region,the inhibition effect of informatization on local poverty management was not obvious,but the development of informatization obviously promoted the poverty management in the western region.From the perspective of spatial spillover effect,informatization had a positive spatial spillover effect on the poverty management of neighboring provinces in the eastern region and a negative spatial spillover effect on the poverty management in the central region,but the spatial spillover effect on the poverty management in the western region was not obvious.③Informatization weakened the negative impact of natural capital endowment on local poverty management,but strengthened its positive spatial spillover effect on the poverty management in neighboring regions;informatization strengthened the positive impact of economic capital endowment on local poverty management;informatization strengthened the positive impact of institutional endowment on local poverty management;informatization strengthened the negative effect of the technical endowment on local poverty management while weakened the negative spatial spillover effect of technology endowment on the poverty management in neighboring regions.This means that the government should establish a linkage development mechanism for informatization and regional poverty reduction,not only to establish differentiated and hierarchical informatization development strategies,but also to incorporate information literacy levels into regional informatization construction in the top-level design.At the same time,it is of great importance to rationally coordinate the relationship between factor endowments and regional poverty governance,and rely on informatization to optimize the effect of regional poverty governance.