可持续发展的经济学问题

The Economics of Sustainable Development

文章从可持续发展的经济学问题入手研究可持续发展经济学的建设。推进现代化需要集中解决资源和环境问题。可持续发展经济学研究的是自然资源和环境资源的配置。与一般经济学不同,不仅涉及代内配置,还涉及代际配置;不仅追求同代人之间的公平配置,还涉及代际公平配置。绿色发展的理念包含财富观的创新。经济发展不仅要谋求物质财富,还要谋求生态财富。实现可持续发展,需要加大对资源的投入以改善资源和环境,增加其供给,突破经济增长的自然界限。对自然资源投资相关的激励理论,涉及谋求生态财富、边际收益递减规律、土地资本及其积累、资源利用的产权激励和约束。可持续发展所要求的资源节约、环境友好的实现,不只是政府的责任,更是企业的责任,应成为企业自觉的行动。为此,需要走出经济人假设的误区,需要通过社会成本内部化(私人化),使厂商在充分考虑其行为会对社会产生危害的情况下,更合理有效地配置资源。

This paper examines the economics construction of sustainable development from the economic problems of sustainable development.Promoting modernization requires focusing on the problems of resources and the environment.The economics of sustainable development studies the allocation of natural and environ⁃mental resources.Unlike general economics,it involves not only intra-generational allocation,but also inter generational allocation,and pursues fair allocation among both the same generation and inter-generation.The concept of green development includes innovation in the view of wealth.Economic development is not only about seeking material wealth,but also ecological wealth.Achieving sustainable development requires greater investment in resources to improve them and the environment,to increase their supply,and to break through the natural boundaries of economic growth.Theories of incentives related to investment in natural resources in⁃volve the pursuit of ecological wealth,the law of diminishing marginal returns,land capital and its accumula⁃tion,and property rights incentives and constraints on resource use.The realization of resource conservation and environmental friendliness required by sustainable development is not only the responsibility of govern⁃ments,but also of enterprises,and should become a conscious action of enterprises.Therefore,it is necessary to get out of the misconception of the assumption of economic man and to make manufacturers allocate resourc⁃es more reasonably and effectively by internalizing(privatizing)social costs,taking full account of the harm their actions will do to society.The concept of green development requires both development and greenery,and the main driver for the perfect combination of the two is the innovation drive,involving innovation at three levels of industry,technology and consumption.