埃及军政关系的历史演变与转型(1952~2011)

Dynamics of Civil-Military Relation in Egypt(1952-2011)

埃及现代共和国由军队发动革命而建立,这导致了军队在埃及政治中占据核心地位。同时,埃及军队的“超国家”地位还源于中东地区的军事文化和国家建构历程。尽管如此,埃及军队在共和国历史中也经历了政治地位的起伏。本文回顾了纳赛尔、萨达特和穆巴拉克时期埃及军政关系的特点,分别体现为一体化、专业化和庇护主义式的军政关系,并进一步分析埃及军政关系历史演变的动因和影响。

The Modern Republic of Egypt was founded through national army’s coup d’état,which decided the core importance of army in the Egyptian politics.Meanwhile,the supreme status of the army is also originated from the military culture of Middle East and nation building process.However,the political status of Egyptian army has witnessed vicissitudes.This paper presents the characteristics of the development of civil-military relation in Egypt during Nasser,Sadat and Mubarak’s era,which are manifested as integrated,professional and clientelistic,with further analyzing the motives and impacts of this historical evolution.