20世纪上半叶“卫生进食”的争鸣——从公箸到卫生筷到公筷

Debate on“Dietetic Hygiene”in the First Half of the 20th Century

人手一筷聚餐共食,是历史悠久的进食方式,也一直备受质疑和诟病。以1915年伍连德首倡"卫生餐法"为缘起,随即引发了持续近四十年的"卫生进食"的争鸣。其间,论争与实践深入到进食助具,在传染病防御、文人学者、学校教育等领域催生了从公箸到卫生筷到公筷的讨论与施行。受历史条件的限制,这些倡行既有国家力量和学校机关等的强力介入,也不乏一些有识之士尊重民情,力避冲突,顺势调整的"中道"。纵览约50年间的各种意见与施行,公筷渐成可行性最强的选择,形成社会规模性风气。

Dining together with chopsticks is a time-honored way of eating,which has been questioned and criticized for a long time.In 1915,Liande Wu initiated the“Hygienic Eating Law”,which immediately triggered the controversy of“Dietetic Hygiene”which lasted for nearly 40 years.In the meantime,the debate and practice went deep into feeding aids,which gave birth to the discussion and implementation from public chopsticks,sanitary chopsticks to serving chopsticks in the fields of infectious disease prevention,scholars and school education.Limited by historical conditions,these initiatives included the strong intervention of state forces and schools and institutions,as well as the“middle way”in which some insightful people respected the people s feelings,avoided conflicts and adjusted along the right path.After a survey of various opinions and practices over the past 50 years,serving chopsticks gradually became the most feasible option,forming a social scale atmosphere.