利用基因芯片分析西南麦区主栽小麦品种川麦104的遗传构成

Analysis of Genetic Components in the Major Wheat Cultivar Chuanmai 104 in Southwest Wheat Region Based on Three Wheat SNP Arrays

川麦104是西南麦区近年来选育的主栽小麦品种,为研究其高产、抗病遗传特性,利用3种小麦基因芯片(660K SNP、50K SNP和35K SNP)对川麦104及其双亲川麦42、川农16进行分析,探究川麦104的遗传构成。结果表明,在能定位于小麦不同染色体的SNP中,川麦104中与双亲相同的共有等位变异位点数目远多于其他类型位点,分别占定位位点总数的75.90%、74.21%和81.08%。川麦104中来源于双亲的SNP位点在染色体A、B和D基因组中分布不均匀;3种基因芯片扫描结果显示,在D基因组中来源于川麦42的遗传位点数均多于川农16。从21条染色体分布来看,川麦104中来源于川麦42的等位位点在7A、1B、2B、5B、1D和5D染色体上分布较多(遗传贡献率≥70%),其中在7A染色体上遗传贡献率超过90%;来源于川农16的等位位点在6A、3B和4B染色体上分布较多(遗传贡献率≥70%),其中在6A和4B染色体上遗传贡献率超过90%。功能基因分型结果表明,川麦104中绝大多数的优良等位基因均同时继承于双亲川麦42和川农16,在少部分重要性状上,川麦104还分别继承了双亲中的优良等位基因。这些优良基因正是川麦104在产量、抗性等各方面表现优良的分子基础。

Chuanmai 104 is a major wheat cultivar with high yield in Southwest China wheat region in recent years.In order to analyze its genetic characteristics of high yield and disease resistance,three wheat SNP arrays(660 K SNP,50 K SNP and 35 K SNP)were used to analyze Chuanmai 104,and its parents Chuanmai 42 and Chuannong 16,and explore the genetic components of Chuanmai 104.The results showed that among the SNP loci that can be located on different chromosomes of wheat,the number of SNP loci in Chuanmai 104 which shared with two parents were much higher than other types of loci,accounting for 75.90%,74.21%and 81.08%of the total number of SNP loci by three wheat SNP arrays,respectively.Parental contributions to Chuanmai 104 were different in A,B and D subgenomes and chromosomes.All three wheat SNP arrays showed that there were more SNP loci inherited from Chuanmai 42 than Chuannong 16 in D subgenome.According to the distribution of 21 chromosomes,the allelic loci inherited from Chuanmai 42 in Chuanmai 104 were broadly distributed on chromosomes 7 A,1 B,2 B,5 B,1 D and 5 D(genetic contribution rate≥70%),among which most of the SNP loci were distributed on chromosome 7 A.The allelic loci inherited from Chuannong 16 were broadly distributed on chromosomes 6 A,3 B and 4 B(genetic contribution rate≥70%),among which most of the SNP loci were distributed on chromosomes 6 A and 4 B.The results of functional genotyping showed that most of the excellent alleles in Chuanmai 104 were inherited from both parents Chuanmai 42 and Chuannong 16,and also inherited the better alleles from Chuanmai 42 or Chuannong 16 in some other important traits,respectively.These excellent genes were the molecular basis of Chuanmai 104 in performance of high yield and widely disease resistance.