学术语言的概念、特征及教育意义

The Concept,Features and Educational Significance of Academic Language

长期以来,我国教育界并未充分关注学术语言的内涵及其教育意义的探讨。学术语言与日常社交语言不同,它是用于完成学业的特殊语言变体,在形式层面具有"词形复杂、名词化、分布共性、较大词汇密度、逻辑连接"等特点,在意义层面具有"陈述为主、语法隐喻、信息密度、创造语境"等特征。学术语言是学生用来获取学科知识内容、发展高级读写能力并养成必须的学术思维习惯的语言,对学术语言的掌握和使用水平不仅影响学生的在校学业成就,而且是影响个体未来能否顺利晋身职业社会的先决性核心素质之一。同时,学术语言的教学与学习水平也是理解学生在校学习困难的一种独特视角,教育行动者和理论研究者可以从语言表现和认知能力两种形态关注学生学术语言的习得。因此,在强调对汉语学术语言深入研究的同时,应积极关注学生学术语言的掌握水平对个人学习收获、学校教育质量、教育公平等方面的提升作用,改变以往对汉语学术语言研究的松散现象,加强对汉语学术语言的教育价值及政策意义的深入探讨。

For a long time,the field of education in China has not paid enough attention to the exploration into the connotations and educational significance of academic language. Unlike social language,academic language is a special language variant used by students to finish school. It is in form featured by complex morphology,nominalization,common distribution,greater vocabulary density,and logical connection,and in meaning featured by statement-orientedness,grammatical metaphor,information density,and context creating. Academic language is a language for students to learn knowledge from disciplines,develop advanced literacy skills,and cultivate academic thinking. The mastery and use of it not only has an impact on their academic achievements at school,but also serves as one of the prerequisite core qualities affecting whether they will be able to successfully follow a career in society. At the same time,the teaching and learning of academic language is a unique perspective to understand students’ learning difficulties at school. Those engaged in education or theoretical research can focus on students’ academic language acquisition in both language performance and cognitive abilities. Therefore,while emphasizing the in-depth study of the academic language of Chinese,we need to attach importance to the effect of students’ mastery of academic language on their learning gains,the quality of school education,the equity in education,and so on,and change the insufficient research into the academic language of Chinese through an in-depth probe into its educational value and policy-related significance.