职业教育服务乡村振兴的贡献测度——基于柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的测算分析

The Contribution Rate of Vocational Education to Rural Revitalization——Calculation and Analysis Based on the Cobb-Douglas Production Function

职业教育作为跨界融合的教育类型,在乡村振兴过程中不仅能够优化农村人力资本,还能提升生产要素的利用效率。然而,职业教育对乡村振兴的真实贡献率却始终处于"黑箱"状态。以熵权法为基础,通过构建乡村振兴发展指数,并以柯布—道格拉斯生产函数为基础测度职业教育对乡村振兴的贡献率,发现职业教育服务乡村振兴效果显著,贡献率高达16.19%,投资回报比可观;职业教育对乡村振兴的贡献存在地域差异,东部地区最优,中部地区塌陷明显;乡村振兴的速度与职业教育贡献率存在明显偏差,东部地区乡村振兴进入集约化发展阶段。为增强职业教育与乡村振兴的精准匹配程度,需要设立项目制经费,保障职业教育服务乡村振兴的持续性;优化经费使用监督机制,提升职业教育区域服务能力;谋求发展共生,打造职业教育与乡村振兴的利益共同体。

As a type of education oriented to cross-border integration,vocational education can not only optimize human capital in rural areas but also improve the efficiency in the use of the factors of production in rural revitalization.However,the practical contribution rate of vocational education to rural revitalization is always in a "black box." This study,based on the development index of rural revitalization developed with the entropy weight method,and the Cobb-Douglas production function,measured the contribution rate of vocational education to rural revitalization. The results showed the following:Vocational education had a significant effect on rural revitalization,with the contribution rate being 16.19%;the contributions of vocational education to rural revitalization varied from region to region,with the east part of China benefiting the most and the central part of China benefiting the least;and the speed of rural revitalization significantly deviated from the contribution rate of vocational education,with the east part of China entering the stage of intensive development in rural revitalization. To make vocational education match rural revitalization more accurately,we need to establish project-based funds to ensure that vocational education will provide sustainable service for rural revitalization;optimize the mechanism for the supervision over the use of funds to enhance the ability of vocational education to offer regional service;and seek symbiotic development by building a community of interests between vocational education and rural revitalization.