新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间的流感病毒监测结果分析

Surveillance of influenza viruses during COVID-19 outbreak

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间的流感病毒监测结果,探讨新冠肺炎疫情防控措施对流感病毒感染的影响。方法收集珠海金湾中心医院2019年春季(1月20日-4月30日)与2020年春季(1月20日-4月30日)两年同期的流感样病例的咽拭子标本,共计4527份,采用胶体金免疫层析技术检测甲型流感(Flu A)病毒抗原、乙型流感(Flu B)病毒抗原,并对检验结果进行回顾性分析。结果2019年春季与2020年春季分别检测流感样咽拭子标本2455份、2072份,甲型流感病毒抗原阳性检出率分别为6.92%、3.19%,乙型流感病毒抗原阳性检出率分别为3.42%、0.29%。2020年春季的流感病毒抗原阳性检出率显著低于2019年春季,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=79.389,P<0.01)。与2019年春季(13.50%)相比,2020年春季小于15岁儿童的流感样病例的流感病毒抗原阳性检出率(6.57%)明显降低,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.090,P<0.05),15~60岁的成年人的流感病毒抗原阳性检出率也明显降低,2019年春季和2020年春季分别为8.44%和2.62%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=46.578,P<0.05),而60岁以上老年人的流感病毒抗原阳性检出率虽然降低了3.80%,但差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.431,P>0.05),女性与男性的流感阳性检出率也无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,甲、乙型流感病毒阳性检出率均降低,表明疫情期间的防控措施对流感病毒的传播同样具有控制作用。

Objective To understand the surveillance results of influenza virus during COVID-19 epidemic,and to explore the impact of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control measures on influenza virus infection.Methods A total of 4527 throat swabs were collected from influenza-like cases in the spring of 2019(January 20-April 30)and spring of 2020(January 20-April 30)in Zhuhai Golden Bay Center Hospital.The antigen of influenza A(Flu A)and influenza B(Flu B)were detected by Colloidal Gold Enhanced Immunochromatography Assay,and the results were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 2455 and 2072 influenza-like throat swabs were collected respectively in the spring of 2019 and 2020.The positive detection rates of influenza A virus antigen were 6.92%and 3.19%respectively,and the positive detection rates of influenza B virus antigen were 3.42%and 0.29%respectively.The positive detection rate of influenza virus antigen in the spring of 2020 was significantly lower than that in the spring of 2019,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=79.389,P<0.01).Compared with the spring of 2019(13.50%),the positive detection rate of influenza virus antigen in influenza-like cases of children under the age of 15 years old in the spring of 2020(6.57%)was significantly reduced,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=14.090,P<0.05).The positive detection rate of influenza virus antigen in adults aged 15~60 also decreased significantly,which was 8.44%in the spring of 2019 and 2.62%in the spring of 2020,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=46.578,P<0.05),Although the positive detection rate of influenza virus antigen in the elderly over 60 years old was reduced by 3.80%,the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=2.431,P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in the positive rate of influenza between male and female(P>0.05).Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic,the positive detection rates of influenza A and B decreased,indicating that the prevention and control measures during the epidemic could also have a control effect on the spread of influenza virus.