理性的历史性与历史的合理性——论黑格尔哲学史观的基础问题

The Historicity of Reason and the Rationality of History:On the Fundamental Problems of Hegel’s Conception of the History of Philosophy

对黑格尔哲学史观的讨论,不宜将他的个别断言抽象出来进行所谓重构论证或批判分析,而是必须到他的体系内部把握其哲学史观的基础问题。本文认为,黑格尔哲学史观在他的体系内的根据是理性与历史之间的本质关联,即理性的历史性和历史的合理性。此外,哲学史在黑格尔体系内的地位可以通过其与宗教史-政治史、与逻辑学的关系得到确切规定,这就是,哲学史作为“能思维的理性”的历史,具有二重性,既是特殊的理性历史,又是普遍的理性历史;哲学史与逻辑学分别表现“能思维的理性”的历史发展和逻辑发展。

This paper holds that the argument-reconstruction or critical analysis of some fragments of Hegel s theory is inappropriate to the interpretation of the fundamental problems concerning his conception of the history of philosophy.This paper holds that the essence of Hegel s conception of the history of philosophy is the essential connection between reason and history,i.e.,the historicity of reason and the rationality of history.Consequently,the status of the history of philosophy in Hegel s philosophy can be precisely determined by its relations to the religious history,political history and the science of logic.Thus,on the one hand,the history of philosophy,like that of“rational thinking”,represents the special history of reason;on the other hand,the universal history of reason.The history of philosophy and the science of logic respectively show the historical and logical development of“rational thinking”.