陈仲子思想与道家庄子学派关系考辨

A Study of the relationship between Chen Zhongzi s Theory andThat of the Zhuangzi School of Taoism

对于缺乏详细记载的学者的思想,囿于材料和认识水平,很容易出现执其一端而以为得其真谛的看法。我们只有将零星片段进行综合考察,将有限材料与当时情况系统比较,从思想史的整体视角来把握零星记载,才能对缺乏详细记载的学者的思想有较为全面的把握。根据同时代人的看法,陈仲子是个人主义者,他的思想中有墨家和道家节俭原则,以及“亡亲戚君臣上下”的道家、墨家思想,还有自给自足的小农思想。大体来说,陈仲子的思想近于道家的庄子学派,兼有墨家、农家的成分。陈仲子所提倡的注重个人品德、节俭、自食其力、同情贫贱者、追求自由、顺应自然、廉洁等主张,至今对个人、社会和国家仍有重要意义。

Due to a lack of detailed records of the thoughts of previous scholars,inadequate materials and limited knowledge,it is easy for us to hold partial views.Only by comprehensively investigating the fragments,comparing the limited materials with the actual situation at that time,and studying the fragmentary records from the overall perspective of the history of thought can we have a comprehensive grasp of the thoughts of those scholars.Generally speaking,Chen Zhongzi is an individualist,and his thought has the elements of Taoism and Mohism,,especially close to the Zhuangzi School of Taoism that advocates social hierarchy.He advocates honesty,freedom,frugality,self-reliance,good morality,sympathy for the poor,and eco-friendliness,which has much significance to the development of the whole country.