日本迈向碳中和的产业绿色发展战略——基于对《2050年实现碳中和的绿色成长战略》的考察

Japan’s Green Industrial Development Strategy towards Carbon Neutral:Based on the Review of"Green Growth Strategy through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050"

日本首相菅义伟于2020年10月宣布2050年争取实现碳中和目标之后,日本政府迅速出台了以产业绿色发展为宗旨的《2050年实现碳中和的绿色成长战略》,将实现碳中和这一挑战视为推动相关产业绿色发展,最终实现经济与环境良性循环的大好机遇,日本政府还确定了能源相关产业、运输与制造相关产业、家庭与办公相关产业3个大类中的14个重点发展的产业领域,勾勒了以能源生产与供应、能源消费以及二氧化碳封存-回收与再利用3条主线构筑绿色发展产业体系的架构,拟定了以财政扶持、税收优惠、金融支持为主的产业政策。其产业绿色发展战略的特点:一是以海上风电为突破口发展可再生能源产业;二是在氢能普及推广过渡期以氨燃料为主发展无碳燃料产业;三是以氢能开发利用为产业绿色大发展的关键技术路线;四是以电气化、节能化、数字化和储能电池的应用为能源消费变革的主要途径;五是发展智慧绿色农林水产业,扩大二氧化碳封存-回收与再利用途径与规模。

After the Japan Prime Minister Suga declared the goal of achieving carbon-neutral in 2050 in October 2020,the Japanese government quickly promulgated the"Green Growth Strategy through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050",aiming at the green development of industry,which regards the challenge of achieving carbon neutrality as a great opportunity to promote the green development of related industries and ultimately achieve a positive cycle of economic growth and environmental protection.The Japanese government identified 14 industrial fields in the three major categories(i.e.energy-related industries,transportation and manufacturing-related industries,family and office-related industries)as the key development industrial fields.It outlines the three main lines(i.e.energy production and supply,energy consumption and carbon dioxide sequestration,recovery and reuse)to build a green development industrial system,and formulated industrial policies focusing on budget,tax incentives and financial support.There are five characteristics of the industrial development strategy:first,developing renewable energy industry with offshore wind power as a breakthrough;second,developing carbon-free fuel industry with ammonia fuel as the main fuel during the transition period of hydrogen energy popularization;third,taking the development and utilization of hydrogen energy as the key technical route of the great green development of the industry;fourth,taking electrification,energy saving,digitalization and the application of energy storage batteries as the main way of energy consumption transformation;and fifth,develop smart and green agriculture,forestry and aquaculture,and expand the ways and scale of carbon dioxide sequestration,recovery and reuse.