美、日工业部门节能政策分析及启示——基于“政策金字塔”分析法

Analysis and Enlightenment of Energy Conservation Policies in the U.S.and Japan’s Industrial Sectors:Based on the"Policy Pyramid"Analysis Method

当前节能仍是世界各国实现能源可持续利用的重要方向,美国和日本节能政策的诸多成功经验对中国具有重要的启示借鉴意义。美国针对工业部门的强制性节能政策,以法规、标准的形式对企业行为进行限制和引导,且注重强制与自愿相结合;日本政府对工业部门实行强制性的能源管理制度,通过"能效领跑者"制度,日本政府以一种不可逆的趋向,不断推进日本能效和技术领跑世界。研究美、日工业部门节能政策,得到以下5方面的启示:一是政策制定阶段的广泛征询与利益协调,二是以标准引领节能与能效技术进步,三是节能基本能力的培育与配备,四是营造有利于节能的市场环境,五是重视节能宣传与教育。

At present,energy conservation is still an important direction for all countries to realize the sustainable utilization of energy.Many successful experiences of American and Japanese energy conservation policies are of great inspiration and reference significance to China.In this paper,the policy pyramid analysis method is used to analyze the energy conservation policies of the industrial sectors in the United States and Japan.The analysis shows that the mandatory energy conservation policy in the United States for industrial sectors restricts and guides enterprise behavior in the form of regulations and standards and emphasizes the combination of mandatory and voluntary energy conservation policies.The Japanese government has implemented mandatory energy management system for the industrial sector.Through the"energy efficiency runner"system,the Japanese government has continuously promoted Japan to lead the world in energy efficiency and technology with an irreversible trend.Through the analysis,the following aspects of enlightenment are obtained:first,extensive consultation and interest coordination in the policy-making stage;second,leading the progress of energy conservation and energy efficiency technology by standards;third,cultivating and equivalence of the basic ability of energy conservation;fourth,creating a favorable market environment for energy conservation;fifth,attaching importance to publicity and education of energy conservation.