生物合成稀有人参皂苷的研究进展

Research Progress in Biosynthesis of Rare Ginsenosides

人参皂苷是我国传统中药人参的主要活性物质,稀有人参皂苷相较人参皂苷具有更好的生物活性,也更利于身体吸收,具有镇静催眠、促进细胞分化增殖、抗肿瘤、降血糖、提升免疫力等作用。然而,稀有人参皂苷结构复杂且在人参中含量极低,限制了其开发利用。随着生物技术的发展,利用生物法合成稀有人参皂苷成为本领域的研究热点。因此,对近年来生物合成稀有人参皂苷研究进行汇总梳理,总结稀有人参皂苷的主要种类结构及近年来生物转化法和异源合成法合成稀有人参皂苷的研究进展,生物转化法汇总了以人参皂苷为底物的转化生物,异源合成法总结人参皂苷的生物合成途径及形成结构多样化人参皂苷的酶。对生物合成稀有人参皂苷存在的问题进行了讨论,同时展望了其前景以及未来研究方向,以期为从事人参研究者提供更多生物线索和制备策略。

Ginseng,as a traditional Chinese medicine,has high medicinal value.Its main active component is ginsenoside.Ginsenoside is a series of glycosylated triterpenoids,which is also an active compound with health care function.It is stored in the roots,stems,leaves and flowers of Acanthopanax plants.The content and composition of ginsenoside vary in different kinds of ginseng and different parts of a plant same as.Ginsenoside has a good therapeutic effect on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.Compared with ginsenoside,rare ginsenoside has better biological activity and is more conducive to body absorption.However,the structure of rare ginsenosides is complex and its content in ginseng is very low,which limits its development and utilization.With the development of biotechnology,the use of biological synthesis of rare ginsenosides has become a research hot spot in this field.Therefore,the research on the synthesis of rare ginsenosides by biological methods in recent years is summarized,and the main types and structures of rare ginsenosides and the research progress of the synthesis of rare ginsenosides by biotransformation and heterologous synthesis are summarized in recent years.The biotransformation method summarizes the transformed organisms using ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 as substrates,and the heterologous synthesis method summarizes the biosynthetic pathway of ginsenosides and the enzymes that form ginsenosides with diverse structures.The problems in the biosynthesis of rare ginsenosides were discussed,and its prospects and future research directions were prospected,in order to provide more biological clues and preparation strategies for ginseng researchers.