精神复兴:哈萨克斯坦的博物馆世界

Spiritual Revival: The Museum World of Kazakhstan

哈萨克斯坦的博物馆建设起始于19世纪俄罗斯帝国时代,发展于20世纪苏联时期。自1991年宣布民族独立以来,在"精神复兴"国家战略语境下,博物馆已成为哈萨克斯坦构建现代民族叙事的重要场所,对重塑哈萨克民族历史、述写哈萨克传统文化发挥了重要的作用。本文基于在哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图市及周边地区的博物馆开展的人类学田野调查(2019年10月至2020年8月),从哈萨克斯坦博物馆的发展历史与现状、博物馆的内部世界两个层面,分析哈萨克斯坦博物馆在国家精神复兴战略中如何发挥自身的作用。

The construction of museum in Kazakhstan began in the Russian Empire era in the 19th century, and developed in the Soviet Union era during 20th.The museum has become an important part for the inheritance of the modern Kazakh nation in the context of "spiritual revival"(РуханижаΗΓЬΙру) strategy since the declaration of national independence in 1991. It plays an extraordinary role in reshaping the nation history and continuing the traditional Kazakh culture. Based on the anthropological fieldwork conducted in the museums in and around Almaty, Kazakhstan(October 2019 to August 2020), the paper analyzes how the museum in Kazakh reshapes the history and traditional culture of the Kazakh nation in the national spiritual revival strategyfrom two aspects: the development history and current situation of Kazakh museums, and the internal mechanism of the museum.