基于适应性管理的矿区生态环境修复制度优化研究

Studying on the eco-environment remediation system in mining area based on adaptive management

矿区生态环境修复旨在通过人工重建和改良,将受损矿区生态环境的健康风险或生态风险降至可接受风险水平。实现这一目标,需要运用适应性管理跟踪修复状况、评估阶段目标、调整完善修复措施,促进人工干预和改造后形成的生态系统与自然生态系统相适应。从制度层面来看,中国矿区生态环境修复的适应性管理程度不高,尚未形成全面、统一的制度体系,距系统性、审慎性、动态性的规范要求仍有提升空间。本文结合实践提出优化矿区生态环境修复制度的方案:以可接受风险水平为依据,统筹设定矿区生态环境修复的一般要求,为全国范围内的活动划定行为底线;以最坏情况分析、信息披露与公开评议为保障,共同预防在修复问题上的决策失误;以生态环境质量损害和生态系统服务价值评估为基础,建立动态的监测结果评估、修复方案调整和监管机制。

The purpose of eco-environmental remediation in mining areas is to reduce the health risk or ecological risk of damaged ecological environment to an acceptable risk level through artificial renovation and reconstruction.To realize the goal of coordination between artificial ecosystem and natural ecosystem,it is necessary to use adaptive management to track the remediation status,evaluate the objectives of the stage,and adjust and perfect the remediation measures.In combination with practice,this paper proposes a scheme to optimize the ecological environment restoration system from the following aspects:according to the acceptable risk level,the general requirements of ecological environment remediation in mining areas should be set reasonably,and the bottom line of behaviors should be drawn for activities nationwide;the worst case analysis is used as the carrier to promote the operator to independently identify the possibility of ecological environmental damage and risk,propose countermeasures,and ensure its implementation with social supervision;on the basis of ecological and environmental quality damage and ecosystem service value assessment,dynamic monitoring results assessment,restoration plan adjustment and supervision mechanism should be established.