5种生物农药对芦笋茎枯病的防治效果

Control Effect of Five Biological Pesticides Against Asparagus Stem Blight

采用菌丝生长速率法和茎叶喷雾的方法测定春雷霉素、多抗霉素、香菇多糖、氨基寡糖素、枯草芽孢杆菌等5种生物农药对芦笋茎枯病致病菌天门冬拟茎点霉菌的抑菌活性,并对植株的安全性和防治效果进行研究。室内毒力测定结果表明,香菇多糖和氨基寡糖素对天门冬拟茎点霉菌无直接抑菌活性。安全性试验结果表明,80、160 g · (667 m^(2))^(-1)含孢子1000亿个·g^(-1)枯草芽孢杆菌WP抑制芦笋生长。两年田间药效试验结果表明,末次药后7 d,5种生物农药高剂量的平均防效与对照药剂苯醚甲环唑差异不显著,均对芦笋茎枯病表现出较好的防治效果;药后14 d,含孢子1000亿个·g^(-1)枯草芽孢杆菌WP、2%香菇多糖AS和5%氨基寡糖素AS的田间防效均显著高于对照药剂。5种生物农药均可用于芦笋茎枯病的绿色防控,其中植物诱抗剂类的香菇多糖和氨基寡糖素防治效果好且持效期较长。

The bacteriostatic activity of 5 biological pesticides including Bacillus subtilis,lentinan,kasugamycin,polyoxin and amino-oligosaccharin against asparagus stem blight pathogen,plant safety and field control effect on these diseases were determined by growth rate method and stem leaf spray method.The results of growth rate test showed that lentinan and amino-oligosaccharin had no direct antibacterial activity against Phomopsis asparagi.The safety test showed that 1200-2400 t·hm^(-2) the Bacillus subtilis WP could inhibit the growth of asparagus.The results of two-year efficacy test showed that 7 days after the last application,the differences between the average control effect of high-dose of 5 biological pesticides and the contrast medicament difenoconazole were not significant.And they all showed better control effect on asparagus stem blight.Fourteen days after treatment,the field control effects of Bacillus subtilis WP,2%lentinan AS and 5%amino-oligosaccharides AS were all significantly higher than those of the contrast.The 5 biological pesticides could all be used for green prevention and control of asparagus stem blight,among them lentinan and aminooligosaccharides belong to plant inducers,had good control effect and longer effective duration.