由考古出土东周青铜铎谈《论语·八佾》篇的“木铎”

Note on the Wooden Bell in the Analects of Confucius,Bayi According to the Unearthed Bronze Bell of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty

《论语·八佾》篇的“木铎”,前人注解多以为是“金口木舌”之物,即铎体是青铜制作,而其中的舌锤为木制。结合考古发现的实物以及古代青铜器的命名原则,可知此说不确。青铜制作的铎当是仿制木柝的,“铎”与“柝”存在同源通假关系。《论语·八佾》篇以及其他古文献中“木铎”的“铎”当读为“柝”,“木铎”当是指木梆子。

The Mu-duo(木铎)in the Analects of Confucius,Bayi,most senior scholars think it is a bell consisting of bronze entity with a wooden clapper in its cavity.Combining unearthed archaeological materials with naming principles of ancient bronze,we can infer that such an argument is flawed.The bronze Duo should be patterned after the wooden Tuo,the Chinese character Duo and the Chinese character Tuo share a common characteristic,and they are two interchangeable words.The Chinese character Duo in the word Mu-duo(木铎)in the Analects of Confucius,Bayi and other ancient literature should be read as Tuo.The Mu-duo(木铎)should be actually the wooden bangzi(梆子).