花椰菜不同胞质来源雄性不育的细胞质效应分析

Cytoplasmic Effect Analysis of Different CMS Sources of Cauliflower

利用不育胞质源自油菜、甘蓝等的6个花椰菜细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)系及其同型保持系分别与5个测验自交系杂交,配制30对不育系杂种(AF_(1))和30对保持系杂种(BF_(1)),分析不育细胞质对10个农艺性状和5个品质性状的遗传效应,为不同CMS的杂种优势利用提供参考。结果表明,不育细胞质对F_(1)杂种的现球期、采收期和维生素C含量表现显著正效应。不同来源CMS细胞质效应比较推断,来自油菜的CMS对生育期和叶片数呈显著正效应;来自甘蓝的CMS对花球质量、花球纵径、维生素C含量和采收期呈显著正效应,而对叶绿素含量和叶片数呈显著负效应;来自花椰菜的CMS对生育期和维生素C含量呈显著正效应。对6个花椰菜CMS细胞质效应比较发现,NB65A对花球质量、花球纵径、花球横径和可溶性糖含量正效应显著最高,XG108A对维生素C及可溶性蛋白含量正效应显著最高,两者皆可作为选育高产优质组合的母本。这些结果表明,不同来源的CMS细胞质对花椰菜主要农艺性状和品质性状的效应较为复杂,但可通过选择适当的杂交父本核来减轻或克服不育细胞质对相应性状的不良效应。

For investigating the cytoplasmic effects of cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)on major agronomic and quality characters of cauliflower hybrids,six cauliflower sterile lines(A lines)with different cytoplasm from rape and cabbage,etc,and their maintainer lines(B lines)were used to make hybrids of A lines×test lines(AF_(1))and B lines×test lines(BF_(1)).The effects were indicated by AF_(1)-BF_(1) or(AF_(1)-BF_(1))/BF_(1)(relative effect).The results showed that significant positive effects were observed on days of curd appearing,days of curd harvesting,and vitamin C content.Comparison of cytoplasmic effects of different CMS sources,the rape cytoplasm had significant positive effects on growth period and number of rosette leaves.The cabbage cytoplasm showed significant positive effects on curd weight,lengthways diameter of curd,vitamin C content and days of curd harvesting,but a significant negative effect on chlorophyll content and number of rosette leaves.The cauliflower cytoplasm presented significant positive effects on growth period and vitamin C content.Comparison of cytoplasmic effects of the six cauliflower CMS lines which showed that NB65 A had the highest positive effect on curd weight,lengthways diameter of curd,transverse diameter of curd and soluble sugar content,XG108 A had the highest positive effect on cotent of vitamin C and soluble protein.Both of them could be used as the female parent for breeding high yield or high quality combinations.These results indicated that the cytoplasmic of different CMS sources of cauliflower showed complex effects on major agronomic and quality characters,and the adverse effects on some characters could be alleviated or overcome by nucleus of a appropriate male parent.