考虑充电功率衰减的电动汽车两阶段优化调度策略

Two-stage Optimal Scheduling Strategy of Electric Vehicle Considering Charging Power Decay

通过对锂电池充电特性进行分析,发现电动汽车充电后期会出现明显的功率衰减,忽略这种现象会导致电动汽车所需充电时长的错误预估。为减小功率衰减带来的负面影响,该文基于最佳充电电流理论,构建电动汽车最佳充电曲线,并根据不同电动汽车充电功率变化特性,在考虑功率衰减的条件下提出一种基于多元混合优化算法的电动汽车两阶段优化调度策略。首先,基于电动汽车充电电流、电压以及功率之间的相关性,构建电动汽车用户模型,根据不同队列电动汽车充电特性,构建负荷聚合商调度模型;进而,基于最高响应比优化算法解决调度第一阶段的用户充电紧迫性与公平性问题,基于粒子群优化算法解决第二阶段光伏消纳偏差量最小化问题,实现考虑功率衰减特性的电动汽车两阶段优化调度;最后,在仿真实验中通过对未考虑功率衰减时电动汽车计划和实际充电行为进行对比,分析充电功率衰减对电动汽车用户和负荷聚合商的影响,通过对考虑功率衰减时不同调度策略下的电动汽车充电行为进行对比,验证本文策略在降低光伏消纳偏差量,提高用户满意度,改善负荷聚合商经济效益方面具有明显效果。

By analyzing the charging characteristics of lithium batteries,it is found that there will be significant power attenuation in the later stage of electric vehicle charging.Ignoring this phenomenon will lead to incorrect estimation of the charging time required for the electric vehicles.In order to reduce the negative impacts caused by power attenuation,this paper builds the optimal charging curve for the electric vehicles based on the optimal charging current theory.According to the charging characteristics of different electric vehicles,a two-stage optimal scheduling strategy based on multivariate hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed under the condition of power attenuation.First,based on the correlation between the electric vehicle charging currents,voltages,and powers,an electric vehicle user model is constructed,and a load aggregator model is also built based on the electric vehicle charging characteristics in different queues.Then,the optimization algorithm based on the highest response ratio is used to solve the user’s charging urgency and fairness in the first stage of scheduling;and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solves the minimization of the amount of photovoltaic energy consumption deviation in the second stage,in order to achieve the two-stage optimized scheduling of electric vehicles considering power attenuation characteristics.Finally,in the simulation experiment,by comparing the planned and actual charging behaviors of electric vehicles without considering the power attenuation,the impacts of charging power attenuation on the electric vehicle users and the load aggregators are analyzed.The car charging behaviors are compared to verify that the strategy in this paper has obvious effects in reducing the deviation of photovoltaic consumption,improving the users’satisfaction,and increasing the economic benefits of load aggregators.