海洋真菌抗污损活性天然产物研究

Antifouling natural products from marine fungi

黏附于海洋船舶或人工设施表面的污损生物给人类海洋生产活动与生态环境带来诸多不利影响。将具有抗污损活性的化合物开发成防污涂料是目前防治海洋生物污损的最常用手段之一。而大量传统有机金属防污剂因其严重毒副作用被禁用,亟须开发高效、环境友好型抗污损涂料。海洋真菌能够产生大量结构新颖、作用机制独特的高效、低毒/无毒抗污损活性次级代谢产物,颇具环境友好型防污剂开发潜力。本文综述了2006年底至2020年6月报道的海洋真菌来源的69个抗污损活性天然产物及其5个合成衍生物,并将其按照化学结构分为脂肪酸、萜类、苯类、芳香醚、聚酮、生物碱和肽类7类,还包括部分抗生物膜活性天然产物。同时,对海洋真菌抗污损天然产物研究目前所面临的挑战和未来发展进行总结与展望。

The undesirable colonization of ship hulls and submerged man-made surfaces by fouling organisms causes serious technical and operational challenges for marine development, and generates a series of environmental problems. One of the most effective methods to control marine biofouling is to develop antifouling(AF) coatings based on some excellent AF compounds. However, the use of organometallic antifoulants has been banned due to their toxicities toward non-target organisms, and the search of environmental friendly AF coatings is urgently demanded. Marine fungi, as one of the most potential resources for AF natural products, provided enormous amounts of AF secondary metabolites with novel chemical structure or unique active mechanism in the last decades. This review covers 69 marine natural products and 5 of their synthetic analogs, which were discovered or synthesized from the end of 2006 to mid-2020. Also some marine fungi-derived antibiofilm natural products are presented in this review. To provide clear guidance for readers, all the compounds are categorized into seven types, including fatty acids, terpenoids, benzenoids, phenyl ethers, polyketides, alkaloids and peptides. The current challenges and future perspective in the research on marine fungal AF compounds are briefly discussed.